Arterial stiffness in hematologic malignancies

Figures & data

Table 1 Arterial stiffness in hematologic malignancies

Factors associated with arterial stiffness	Findings	Number of patients	Reference
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) correlated with neutrophil and basophil counts	Complete blood count could help identify patients with increased arterial stiffness in patients with hematologic malignancies	29 patients with hematologic malignancies	Mozos and Mihaescu^Citation11
PWV was associated with monocyte, lymphocyte and platelet count
Augmentation index (AI) negatively correlated with hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count
AI was significantly associated with neutrophil and platelet count
Arterial stiffness was gradually elevated after chemotherapy	Cumulative chemotherapy could exacerbate both arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction	A 61-year-old man after vincristine–Adriamycin (doxorubicin)–dexamethasone chemotherapy for relapsed multiple myeloma	Taniguchi et al^Citation32
Increase of PWV was not influenced by radiation therapy or chemotherapy	Childhood cancer survivors ≥18 years had elevated PWV compared to controls and established norms	68 childhood cancer survivors (lymphoma, leukemia, solid tumors)	Krystal et al^Citation62
Acute lymphoid leukemia survivors	There is evidence of poorer vascular health in acute lymphoid leukemia survivors compared to healthy controls	16 acute lymphoid leukemia survivors, aged 8–20 years	Ruble et al^Citation64
Aortic distensibility decreased after anthracyclines	A progressive decrease in aortic distensibility after therapy with anthracyclines	70 patients with lymphomas	Daskalaki et al^Citation41
Radiotherapy was associated with increased arterial stiffness (increased PWV and decreased distensibility coefficient of the common carotid artery)	In Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors, radiotherapy is associated with increased arterial stiffness; this effect is more evident when radiotherapy is administered after 35–40 years of age	82 Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors	van Leeuwen-Segarceanu et al^Citation31

Table 2 Chemotherapy and arterial stiffness

Therapy associated with arterial stiffness	Findings	Number of patients	Reference
Vincristine–Adriamycin (doxorubicin)–dexamethasone	Cumulative chemotherapy could exacerbate both arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction and result in transient frequent coronary vasospasm even with clinically permissible doses of vincristine–doxorubicin–dexamethasone chemotherapy or thalidomide	A 61-year-old patient with multiple myeloma and without coronary risk	Taniguchi et al^Citation32
Radiotherapy, anthracyclines, chemotherapy	Radiation therapy, anthracycline dose and chemotherapy exposure are not predictive of increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) in childhood cancer survivors	68 childhood cancer survivors (lymphoma, leukemia, solid tumors)	Krystal et al^Citation62
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin)	A progressive decrease in aortic distensibility occurs after therapy with anthracyclines	70 patients with lymphomas	Daskalaki et al^Citation41
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)	Low to moderate doses of anthracycline-based therapy are associated with the early development of subclinical abnormalities of cardiac and vascular functions	53 patients with breast cancer, leukemia or lymphoma	Drafts et al^Citation42
Anthracyclines	Childhood cancer long-term survivors exposed to anthracycline treatment exhibit a marked preclinical vasculopathy, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness	96 long-term survivors (57 males and 39 females, mean age 14.9±5.3 years) of different childhood cancers	Jenei et al^Citation45
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib)	Relative risk for peripheral artery occlusive disease determined by pathological ankle-brachial index in nilotinib-treated patients compared to imatinib-treated patients is 10.3	159 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Kim et al^Citation56
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin)	PWV value is significantly increased in patients having received anthracyclines compared to the control group. Increased arterial stiffness is present irrespective of age, sex, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean arterial pressure and heart rate	53 children with lymphoma, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, synovial sarcoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma and other tumors	Herceg-Cavrak et al^Citation9
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)	A significant increase in aortic stiffness occurs within 4 months of exposure to an anthracycline	40 individuals who received an anthracycline for the treatment of breast cancer, lymphoma or leukemia and 13 age- and sex-matched controls	Chaosuwannakit et al^Citation30
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)	Anthracyclines impair endothelial function	14 cancer patients (4–21 years) with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, several types of sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, acute myelogenous leukemia and lymphoma	Chow et al^Citation43

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