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Original Research

Expression and significance of GRHL2 in esophageal cancer

, , &
Pages 2025-2031 | Published online: 07 Apr 2017

Figures & data

Figure 1 Expression of GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in esophageal cancer tissues. (A, D, and G) Negative expression of GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF. (B, E, and H) Weak positive expression of the three proteins. (C, F, and I) Positive expression of the three proteins. The scale bars are 100 μm and the magnification is ×200.

Abbreviations: GRHL2, grainyhead-like 2; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Figure 1 Expression of GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in esophageal cancer tissues. (A, D, and G) Negative expression of GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF. (B, E, and H) Weak positive expression of the three proteins. (C, F, and I) Positive expression of the three proteins. The scale bars are 100 μm and the magnification is ×200.

Table 1 Expression of GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in EC tissue and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues

Figure 2 Correlation between GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF and MVD. (A) Expression of CD34 analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis. (B) Relative level of MVD in low and high GRHL2 expression groups. (C) Relative level of MVD in low and high HIF-1α expression groups. (D) Relative level of MVD in low and high VEGF expression groups. *P<0.05, compared with adjacent tissues. (A) Magnification left image: ×100; right image: ×200.

Abbreviations: GRHL2, grainyhead-like 2; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; MVD, microvessel density.
Figure 2 Correlation between GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF and MVD. (A) Expression of CD34 analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis. (B) Relative level of MVD in low and high GRHL2 expression groups. (C) Relative level of MVD in low and high HIF-1α expression groups. (D) Relative level of MVD in low and high VEGF expression groups. *P<0.05, compared with adjacent tissues. (A) Magnification left image: ×100; right image: ×200.

Table 2 Correlation between the clinicopathological features and the expression of GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in EC

Figure 3 Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of GRHL2 and HIF-1α expression in esophageal cancer tissues. Low GRHL2 and high HIF-1α expression was correlated with (A) inferior recurrence-free survival and (B) overall survival in esophageal cancer patients.

Abbreviations: GRHL2, grainyhead-like 2; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α.
Figure 3 Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of GRHL2 and HIF-1α expression in esophageal cancer tissues. Low GRHL2 and high HIF-1α expression was correlated with (A) inferior recurrence-free survival and (B) overall survival in esophageal cancer patients.

Table 3 Correlation between GRHL2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in EC