The effect of lipiodol deposition in HCC after TACE on the necrosis range of PMCT

Figures & data

Table 1A Common condition of 2 groups (n, years)

	Group A	Group B
Total number	23	21
Male	21	17
Female	2	4
Age, years	58.04±12.93	51.71±14.74
Total of nodules	26	30
Location of nodule
Left lobe	4	5
Right lobe	22	25

Table 1B Tumor size of 2 groups (cm, cm³)

	Diameter a	Diameter b	Diameter c	Tumor volume (cm^3)
Group A	2.99±1.50	2.69±1.25	2.48±1.13	16.29±19.23
Group B	2.57±0.90	2.57±1.06	2.44±1.16	11.95±12.78
t	1.288	0.385	0.144	1.007
P-value	0.203	0.702	0.886	0.319

Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD. a, b and c were diameters of the tumor, length (a), width (b), and height (c).

Table 2 Hepatic function changes pre- and 7 days postoperation (paired-samples t-test)

	AST (U/L)	ALT (U/L)	T-BIL (µmol/L)	Alb (g/L)
Group A
Preop	63.27±67.42	61.31±55.00	27.48±30.56	35.76±9.40
Postop	49.35±52.47	43.85±36.99	19.55±12.52	33.57±8.74
t	2.718	3.392	1.913	3.423
P-value	0.012	0.002	0.067	0.002
Group B
Preop	59.87±38.46	60.80±71.66	18.93±18.58	38.38±6.02
Postop	40.70±24.06	32.37±27.89	16.33±14.17	36.09±5.61
t	4.278	2.912	1.227	4.395
P-value	0.000	0.007	0.230	0.000

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.

Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; T-BIL, total bilirubin; Preop, preoperation; Postop, postoperation.

Table 3 Coagulation of 2 groups pre- and postoperation

	PT (s)	INR	APTT (s)	D–D mier (g/L)
Group A
Preop	15.50±8.74	1.04±0.15	27.22±8.50	257.92±395.57
Postop	13.54±6.10	0.95±0.14	23.77±6.79	225.50±294.26
t	1.930	3.771	2.776	1.329
P-value	0.065	0.001	0.010	0.196
Group B
Preop	12.84±3.07	1.11±0.28	29.46±6.85	280.50±305.85
Postop	11.77±2.17	0.99±0.19	27.48±5.91	201.83±114.61
t	3.687	4.447	5.397	1.607
P-value	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.119

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.

Abbreviations: Preop, preoperation; Postop, postoperation; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; D-D, D-dimer.

Table 4 Biomarkers of two groups pre- and postoperation

	AFP (ng/mL)	CA125 (U/mL)
Group A
Preop	137.85±268.99	74.25±160.97
Postop	99.53±208.43	44.34±105.10
t	2.723	1.317
P-value	0.012	0.200
Group B
Preop	163.91±173.82	80.90±195.90
Postop	90.10±166.06	37.59±75.67
t	3.543	1.820
P-value	0.001	0.079

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.

Abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; CA₁₂₅, carbohydrate antigen 125; Preop, preoperation; Postop, postoperation.

Figure 1 One male patient with HCC, the necrosis range of PMCT after TACE did not enlarged.

Notes: (A) Male patient with low-density lesion at segment VIII on plain CT scan (CT PS). (B) Lipiodol deposit well into the lesion after TACE, the same patient with (A). (C) One month after PMCT, lipiodol deposit well into the lesion, but no low-density belt surrounded the lesion.
Abbreviations: PMCT, percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization.

Figure 2 One month after PMCT only, the necrosis area surrounded the tumor area completely (CT CE).

Abbreviation: PMCT, percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy.

Figure 3 (A) One and a half months later, CT image showed that the heating area spread to the opposite direction of the surface liver because of the obstruction in the lipiodol deposition (CT CE axial). (B) One a and a half months later, the same case of (A), CT image showed that the heating area spread to the opposite direction of the liver surface (CT CE, coronal).

Table 5 Tumor size and necrosis volume of PMCT of 2 groups (cm, cm³)

	Diameter a	Diameter b	Diameter c	Volume (cm^3)
Group A
Preop	2.99±1.50	2.69±1.25	2.48±1.13	16.29±19.23
Postop	3.55±1.09	2.89±0.86	2.67±0.88	17.98±18.49
t	−2.844	−1.156	−0.938	−0.460
P-value	0.009	0.259	0.357	0.650
Group B
Preop	2.57±0.90	2.57±1.06	2.44±1.16	11.95±12.78
Postop	3.29±0.83	2.96±0.79	2.85±0.89	16.60±11.70
t	−4.575	−2.700	−2.332	−2.522
P-value	0.000	0.011	0.027	0.017

Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. a, b and c were diameters of the tumor or necrosis, length (a), width (b), and height (c).

Abbreviation: PMCT, percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy.

Table 6 Necrosis range of 2 groups after PMCT (cm, cm³)

	Diameter a	Diameter b	Diameter c	Volume (cm^3)
Group A	3.55±1.09	2.89±0.86	2.67±0.88	17.98±18.49
Group B	3.29±0.83	2.96±0.79	2.85±0.89	16.60±11.70
t	0.147	−0.926	−1.200	−0.556
P-value	0.884	0.359	0.235	0.581

Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. a, b and c were diameters of necrosis, length (a), width (b), and height (c).

Abbreviation: PMCT, percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy.

Table 7 Necrosis range of 2 groups after PMCT and ideal necrosis range (cm, cm³)

	Diameter a	Diameter b	Diameter c	Volume (cm^3)
Group A	3.55±1.09	2.89±0.86	2.67±0.88	17.98±18.49
Ideal A	3.99±1.46	3.69±1.25	3.48±1.13	34.73±32.40
t	−2.221	−4.626	−4.596	−3.790
P-value	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.001
Group B	3.28±0.83	2.96±0.79	2.85±0.89	16.60±11.70
Ideal B	3.57±0.90	3.57±1.06	3.43±1.16	27.82±22.53
t	−1.838	−4.165	−3.310	−3.555
P-value	0.076	0.000	0.003	0.001

Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. a, b and c were diameters of necrosis, length (a), width (b), and height (c).

Abbreviation: PMCT, percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy.