S100A16, a promising candidate as a prognostic marker for platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resected lung adenocarcinoma

Figures & data

Figure 1 S100A16, E-cadherin, and vimentin expression in lung adenocarcinoma. (A) The majority of the tumor cells showed membranous S100A16 expression (arrows) in lung adenocarcinoma (×400 magnification). (B) Membranous staining of the tumor cells (arrows) was considered to be a positive result for E-cadherin (arrow, ×200 magnification). (C) Cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells (arrow heads) was considered to be a positive result for vimentin (×200 magnification).

Table 1 Characteristics of the patients

Characteristics	Patients, n (%) (n=65)
Age, years
Median age (range)	60 (41–74)
≤60	31 (47.7)
>60	34 (52.3)
Sex
Male	35 (53.8)
Female	30 (46.2)
Smoking habit
Never smoked	36 (55.4)
Smoker	29 (44.6)
p-TNM stagea
Stage IIA/IIB	16 (24.6)
Stage IIIA	49 (75.4)
Surgical procedure
Lobectomy	63 (96.9)
Pneumonectomy	2 (3.1)
Chemotherapy regimen
Carboplatin-based	18 (27.7)
Cisplatin-based	47 (72.3)
Chemotherapy cycle
1–2	9 (13.8)
3–4	56 (86.2)
Vital status
Alive	30 (46.2)
Lung cancer-related death	27 (41.5)
Other causes of death	3 (4.6)
Unknown	5 (7.7)

Note:

a Each case was reassigned to a pathological stage on the basis of the IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project (7th edition).

Abbreviations: IASLC, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer; p-TNM, pathological TNM.

Table 2 Relationships between S100A16 expression and clinic-opathological parameters

Clinicopathological parameters	S100A16 expression		Total	P-value
	Positive (n=26)	Negative (n=36)
Age, years; n (%)				0.613
≤60	11 (35.5)	20 (64.5)	31
>60	15 (44.1)	19 (55.9)	34
Sex; n (%)				0.623
Male	13 (37.1)	22 (62.9)	35
Female	13 (43.3)	17 (56.7)	30
Smoking habits; n (%)				0.455
Never smoked	10 (34.5)	19 (65.5)	29
Smoker	16 (44.4)	20 (55.6)	36
Tumor differentiation; n (%)				1.000
Well	4 (44.4)	5 (55.6)	9
Moderately/poorly	22 (39.3)	34 (60.7)	56
p-TNM stagea; n (%)				1.000
Stage IIA/IIB	6 (37.5)	10 (62.5)	16
Stage IIIA	20 (40.8)	29 (59.2)	49

Note:

a Each case was reassigned to a pathological stage on the basis of the IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project (7th edition).

Abbreviations: IASLC, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer; p-TNM, pathological TNM.

Figure 2 Survival analysis. (A) DFS; (B) OS.

Abbreviations: DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival.

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable analyses of the effects of S100A16 expression on OS

Factors	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
S100A16 expression
Positive vs negative	2.73	1.25–5.96	0.01	4.79	1.87–12.23	0.001
Age, years
≤60 vs >60	2.01	0.89–4.51	0.09	1.83	0.75–4.45	0.18
Sex
Male vs female	0.93	0.43–2.03	0.87	0.39	0.11–1.35	0.14
Smoking habits
Smokers vs nonsmokers	1.20	0.56–2.60	0.64	0.49	0.15–1.64	0.25
p-TNM stage
Stage III vs stage IIA/IIB	10.22	1.38–75.45	0.02	21.44	2.62–175.00	0.004
Tumor differentiation
Poorly/moderately vs well	1.54	0.46–5.13	0.48	1.09	0.46–2.58	0.84
Platinum agent
CDDP vs CBDCA	0.47	0.22–1.01	0.05	0.40	0.16–1.02	0.06
Chemotherapy cycle
3–4 cycles vs 1–2 cycles	0.65	0.24–1.73	0.39	1.04	0.28–3.92	0.94

Note: Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Abbreviations: CBDCA, carboplatin; CDDP, cisplatin; OS, overall survival; p-TNM, pathological TNM.

Table 4 Relationships between S100A16 expression and EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin

Clinicopathological parameters	S100A16 expression		Total	P-value
	Positive (n=26)	Negative (n=38)
E-cadherin; n (%)				0.771
Positive	16 (35.5)	22 (64.5)	38
Negative	10 (44.1)	16 (55.9)	26
Vimentin; n (%)				0.945
Positive	8 (37.1)	12 (62.9)	20
Negative	18 (43.3)	26 (56.7)	44

Abbreviation: EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition.