Clinical application of carbon nanoparticles in curative resection for colorectal carcinoma

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort

Characteristics	CN group (n=344)	Control group (n=126)	Statistics	p-value
Age (mean, years)	58.6±12.4	59.1±12.2	t=0.045§	0.964
Sex
Male	183	78	χ^2=2.738	0.098
Female	161	48
Diameter of primary tumor (cm)	3.96±1.73	4.24±1.66	t=0.383§	0.702
Differentiation			χ^2=0.440	0.803
Good	15	6
Moderate	235	82
Poor	94	38
Histology			χ^2=0.985	0.321#
Adenocarcinoma	256	88
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	80	33
Signet-ring cell cancer	5	3
Melanoma	3	2
TNM staging			χ^2=2.433	0.486
I	34	14
II	135	50
III	159	52
IV	16	10

Notes:

# The p-value was calculated based on adenocarcinoma and the total prevalence of mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Data are mean ± SD for continuous variables and numbers for categorical variables.

§ Student’s t-test was used.

Abbreviations: CN, carbon nanoparticle; TNM, tumor, node, metastasis.

Table 2 Intraoperative characteristics of the study cohort

Characteristics	CN group (n=344)	Control group (n=126)	t§	p-value
Operative time (min)	115.71±1.01	123.33±41.65	1.76	0.81
Blood loss (mL)*	50.68±28.09	63.67±49.40	2.29	0.02
Number of lymph nodes detected	9.13±6.30	8.89±6.11	0.39	0.70

Notes:

* p<0.05.

§ Student’s t-test was used.

Abbreviation: CN, carbon nanoparticle.

Table 3 Number of positive and negative lymph nodes

Group	Positive	Negative	Total
Control	166	954	1,120
CN	574	2,569	3,143
Total	740	3,523	4,263

Note: χ²=6.817, p=0.009.

Abbreviation: CN, carbon nanoparticle.

Table 4 Postoperative complications

Parameter	CN group, n (%)	Control group, n (%)
Postoperative fever of unknown origin	6 (1.74)	3 (2.38)
Wound infection/suppuration	10 (2.91)	2 (1.59)
Anal/stoma infection	8 (2.33)	2 (1.59)
Flatulence/stomach ache	16 (4.65)	10 (7.94)
Reduction/disappearance of flatulence	6 (1.74)	3 (2.38)
Abnormal abdominal mass	2 (0.58)	0 (0)
Anastomotic stoma fistula	13 (3.78)	2 (1.59)
Anastomotic bleeding	1 (0.29)	0 (0)
Gastric retention	7 (2.03)	2 (1.59)
Total	69 (20.06)	24 (19.05)

Abbreviation: CN, carbon nanoparticle.

Table 5 Three-year follow-up for stage II disease

Items	Recurrence		Metastasis		Death
	CN group (n=132)	Control group (n=49)	CN group (n=132)	Control group (n=49)	CN group (n=132)	Control group (n=49)
Yes	1	3	11	3	34	8
No	131	46	121	46	98	41
χ^2	2.600		0.033		1.784
p	0.107		0.856		0.182

Abbreviation: CN, carbon nanoparticle.

Table 6 Three-year follow-up for stage III disease

Items	Recurrence		Metastasis		Death
	CN group (n=153)	Control group (n=50)	CN group (n=153)	Control group (n=50)	CN group (n=153)	Control group (n=50)
Yes	4	3	11	2	24	4
No	149	47	142	48	129	46
χ^2	0.480		0.218		1.872
p	0.489		0.640		0.171

Abbreviation: CN, carbon nanoparticle.