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OncoTargets and Therapy Volume 11, 2018 - Issue
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Original Research

Combination of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 and carcinoembryonic antigen for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer

Wan-Wei Wang1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
,
Xi-Lei Zhou1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
,
Ying-Jian Song2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
,
Chang-Hua Yu1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
,
Wei-Guo Zhu1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, ChinaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
&
Yu-Suo Tong1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, ChinaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
Pages 2333-2344 | Published online: 24 Apr 2018

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients

Table 2 Correlation between GAPDH level (raw Ct value) in human pleural effusion and clinicopathological factors of patients with BPE and LC-MPE

Figure 1 The stability of GAPDH in human pleural effusion.

Notes: Three pleural effusion samples were used in this experiment. Each pleural effusion sample was divided into two parts. One-half was incubated at room temperature for 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours. For the second part, pleural effusion samples were subjected to multiple freeze–thaw cycles. GAPDH levels did not change significantly after prolonged incubation at room temperature (A) or multiple freeze–thaw cycles (B). Data presented as raw Ct values.
Figure 1 The stability of GAPDH in human pleural effusion.

Figure 2 Comparison of pleural fluid levels of MALAT1 (A), H19 (B), CUDR (C), and PANDAR (D) in LC-MPE and BPE.

Notes: ∆Ct values were used to measure lncRNAs’ expression, which was normalized by GAPDH expression, and a lower ∆Ct value indicated higher expression. Horizontal bars indicated median and interquartile range. Statistical differences were analyzed using Mann–Whitney test. *p<0.001.
Abbreviations: LC-MPE, lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion; BPE, benign pleural effusion; lncRNAs, long noncoding RNAs.
Figure 2 Comparison of pleural fluid levels of MALAT1 (A), H19 (B), CUDR (C), and PANDAR (D) in LC-MPE and BPE.

Figure 3 The stability of lncRNAs in human pleural effusion.

Notes: The expression of MALAT1, H19, CUDR, and PANDAR remained stable when the pleural effusion samples were subjected to extended room temperature incubation (A), or treated for 3 hours in strong acid (pH =1) or base (pH =13) solution (B), p>0.05. The expressions of the four lncRNAs remained relatively stable when pleural fluids were treated with RNase A digestion (C) or multiple freeze–thaw cycles (D). Data presented as raw Ct values, p>0.05.
Abbreviation: lncRNAs, long noncoding RNAs.
Figure 3 The stability of lncRNAs in human pleural effusion.

Table 3 Performance of pleural effusion lncRNAs and CEA in the differential diagnosis of LC-MPE from BPE

Figure 4 Evaluation of pleural fluid lncRNAs for the diagnosis of LC-MPE.

Notes: Receiver operating characteristics curves were drawn with the data of pleural fluid lncRNAs from 217 patients with LC-MPE and 132 BPE. The values of AUC for MALAT1 (A), H19 (B), CUDR (C), CEA (D), PANDAR (E), and the three lncRNAs combined (F) to differentiate LC-MPE from BPE were 0.891, 0.783, 0.824, 0.826, 0.657, and 0.962, respectively.
Abbreviations: LC-MPE, lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion; BPE, benign pleural effusion; lncRNAs, long noncoding RNAs; AUCs, area under the curves; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.
Figure 4 Evaluation of pleural fluid lncRNAs for the diagnosis of LC-MPE.

Figure 5 ROC curves to compare the ability of CEA, MALAT1, and a combination of CEA and MALAT1, to discriminate LC-MPE from BPE.

Notes: The AUC-ROC for distinguishing LC-MPE from BPE (CEA + MALAT1, 0.924, p<0.001; MALAT1, 0.891, p<0.0l; CEA, 0.826, p<0.001).
Abbreviations: LC-MPE, lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion; BPE, benign pleural effusion; AUC, area under the curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.
Figure 5 ROC curves to compare the ability of CEA, MALAT1, and a combination of CEA and MALAT1, to discriminate LC-MPE from BPE.

Table S1 Primers sequences list

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