Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 as a Detection and Diagnostic Molecular Marker in Various Human Cancers: A Pooled Analysis Based on 3255 Subjects

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Included Studies

Author	Year	Country	Ethnicity	Cancer Type	Normalizer	Sample Type	Test Method	Cutoff	Case/Control	TP	FP	FN	TN
Liu^Citation23	2019	China	Asian	GC	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	N/A	100/100	86	25	14	75
Wu^Citation27	2018	China	Asian	BRC	GAPDH	Plasma	qRT-PCR	1.69	102/50	55	7	47	43
Wang.J^Citation28	2018	China	Asian	OSCC	GAPDH	Plasma	qRT-PCR	1.18	70/50	61	14	9	36
Li^Citation29	2018	China	Asian	BRC	GAPDH	Tissue	qRT-PCR	N/A	64/64	50	22	14	42
Yazarlou^Citation24	2018	Iran	Asian	BC	5s rRNA	Urine	qRT-PCR	6.86	59/49	37	15	22	34
Huang^Citation30	2018	China	Asian	BRC	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	0.6200 (Training set)	158/107	140	25	18	82
								2.1345 (Validation set)
Zhan^Citation31	2018	China	Asian	BC	GAPDH	Urine	qRT-PCR	N/A	184/184	138	42	46	142
Wang.W^Citation32	2018	China	Asian	LC	GAPDH	Pleural effusion	qRT-PCR	6.975	217/132	161	12	56	120
He^Citation33	2017	China	Asian	NPC	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	N/A	101/101	67	11	34	90
Huo^Citation34	2017	China	Asian	OS	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	3.68	46/40	37	11	9	29
Zidan^Citation35	2017	Egypt	African	BRC	β-actin	Serum	qRT-PCR	2.6	80/80	67	15	13	65
Han^Citation36	2016	China	Asian	EC	GAPDH	Tissue	qRT-PCR	6.445	104/104	47	18	57	86
Wen^Citation37	2016	China	Asian	LC	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	0.03	84/60	49	11	35	49
Duan^Citation38	2016	China	Asian	BC	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	N/A	120/120	68	39	52	81
Peng^Citation39	2016	China	Asian	LC	GAPDH	Serum	qRT-PCR	1.096 (Training set)	156/107	151	63	5	44
								2.0845 (Validation set)
Ren^Citation40	2013	China	Asian	PC	GAPDH	Plasma	qRT-PCR	867.8 copies/mL	87/105	51	16	36	89
Weber^Citation41	2013	Germany	Caucasian	LC	GAPDH	Plasma	qRT-PCR	−0.41	45/25	21	0	24	25

Abbreviations: GC, gastric cancer; BRC, breast cancer; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; BC, bladder cancer; LC, lung cancer; NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; OS, osteosarcoma; EC, endometrial cancer; PC, prostate cancer; NA, not available; TP, true positive; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative.

Figure 1 The flow diagram of relevant studies from the electronic databases.

Abbreviations: CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure; MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1.

Table 2 Study Quality of the Diagnostic Studies Judged by the QUADAS II Checklist

Author	Year	Risk of Bias				Concerns Regarding Applicability			Total Stars
		Patient Selection	Index Test	Reference Standard	Flow and Timing	Patient Selection	Index Test	Reference Standard
Liu^Citation23	2019	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	6
Wu^Citation27	2018	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	6
Wang.J^Citation28	2018	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	High	Low	Low	5
Li^Citation29	2018	Low	High	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	4
Yazarlou^Citation24	2018	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	4
Huang^Citation30	2018	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	6
Zhan^Citation31	2018	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	5
Wang.W^Citation32	2018	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	5
He^Citation33	2017	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	5
Huo^Citation34	2017	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	4
Zidan^Citation35	2017	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	4
Han^Citation36	2016	Low	High	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	4
Wen^Citation37	2016	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	6
Duan^Citation38	2016	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	4
Peng^Citation39	2016	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low	Low	6
Ren^Citation40	2013	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	6
Weber^Citation41	2013	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	6

Figure 2 Forest plots of pooled sensitivity and specificity of 17 included studies.

Figure 3 Forest plots of positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) for MALAT1 in the diagnosis of cancer.

Abbreviation: DLR, diagnostic likelihood ratio.

Figure 4 Forest plots of pooled diagnostic score (DS) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for MALAT1 in the diagnosis of cancer.

Figure 5 Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) graph of 17 included studies.

Abbreviations: SENS, sensitivity; SPEC, specificity; AUC, area under curve.

Figure 6 Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) curve for MALAT1 in the diagnosis of cancer.

Figure 7 Fagan’s Nomogram for calculation of posttest probabilities.

Abbreviation: LR, likelihood ratio.

Figure 8 Graphs for sensitivity analysis: (A) goodness of fit, (B) bivariate normality, (C) influence analysis, and (D) outlier detection.

Figure 9 Graph of Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test.

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