Long Non-Coding RNA BLACAT1 in Human Cancers

Figures & data

Table 1 Functional Characterization of BLACAT1 in Various Cancers

Cancer Type	Expression	Role	Functional Effect	Related Gene and Protein	Reference
Glioma	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT	miR-605-3p, VASP, WNT/β-catenin, CCND1	[^Citation19, ^Citation20]
Lung cancer	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, EMT, chemoresistance	miR-17, ATG7, MRP1, LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin 1, miR-144, WNT/β-catenin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, CCND1, c-Myc, STAT3	[^Citation25^–^Citation29]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, invasion	miR-485-5p	[^Citation30]
Cervical cancer	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle arrest, EMT	WNT/β-catenin, MMP-7, CCNB1, CDC25C, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin	[^Citation31, ^Citation32]
Osteosarcoma	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest	STAT3, MMP2, MMP9	[^Citation34]
Bladder cancer	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion	PRC2	[^Citation17, ^Citation36]
Colorectal cancer	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion, Ki67 protein expression, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, EMT	PRC2, p15, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, CCND1, CDK6, Vimentin, E-cadherin	[^Citation39^–^Citation41]
Gastric cancer	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, chemoresistance	miR-361, ABCB1	[^Citation43, ^Citation44]
Breast cancer	Up	Oncogenic	Proliferation, migration, invasion	miR-150-5p, CCR2	[^Citation46]
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Up	Oncogenic	Migration, invasion, EMT	EZH2, E-cadherin	[^Citation47]
Thyroid cancer	Down	Suppressor	—	—	[^Citation48]

Table 2 Clinical Significance of BLACAT1 in Various Cancers

Cancer Type	BLACAT1 Expression and Clinical Features	Reference
Glioma	Tumor grade, poor survival	[^Citation19, ^Citation20]
Lung cancer	TNM stage, smoking status, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, clinical stage, tumor size, response to chemotherapy, poor survival	[^Citation25, ^Citation26, ^Citation29]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	—	[^Citation30]
Cervical cancer	FIGO stage, distant metastasis, tumor grade, poor survival	[^Citation31]
Osteosarcoma	TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, poor overall survival	[^Citation34]
Bladder cancer	Lymph node metastasis, poor survival	[^Citation17, ^Citation36]
Colorectal cancer	TNM stage, pathological stage, distant metastasis, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, poor overall survival	[^Citation39^–^Citation41]
Gastric cancer	TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, poor overall survival	[^Citation43]
Breast cancer	TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, poor survival	[^Citation46]
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, poor overall survival	[^Citation47]
Thyroid cancer	Gender, lymph node metastasis	[^Citation48]

Figure 1 Overview of the regulatory mechanisms of BLACAT1 on proliferation, invasion, metastasis, tumor cell cycle control, apoptosis, autophagy, and chemoresistance in multiple human cancers. (A) BLACAT1 binds to miR-605-3p to upregulate VASP, and it also promotes EMT by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (B) BLACAT1 regulates ATG7 by competitively binding to miR-17, and ATG7 overexpression leads to autophagy and chemoresistance; BLACAT1 also facilitates chemoresistance by modulating STAT3 phosphorylation; in addition, BLACAT1 regulates cell cycle by sponging miR-144 and promotes EMT by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (C) BLACAT1 competes against miR-485-5p. (D) BLACAT1 activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway, reduces G0/G1 arrest, and upregulates N-cadherin and downregulates E-cadherin. (E) BLACAT1 facilitates the STAT3 phosphorylation, reduces G0/G1 arrest, and increases the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. (F) BLACAT1 physically associates with PRC2 components EZH2 and SUZ12. (G) BLACAT1 represses p15 by binding to PRC2 to regulate cell cycle. (H) BLACAT1 upregulates ABCB1 by competitively binding to miR-361 to promote chemoresistance. (I) BLACAT1 binds to miR-150-5p to regulate CCR2. (J) BLACAT1 regulates EZH2 and represses E-cadherin to facilitate EMT.

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