γ-H2AX expression detected by immunohistochemistry correlates with prognosis in early operable non-small cell lung cancer

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients included in the study

Variables	n	%
Total number of patients	96
Age (years)
Mean ± standard deviation	65.64 ± 7.23
<65	36	37.5
≥65	60	62.5
Sex
Male	77	80.2
Female	19	19.8
Histology
Adenocarcinoma	42	43.8
Squamous cell carcinoma	42	43.8
Large-cell carcinoma	8	8.3
Undifferentiated carcinoma	4	4.1
Grade
Low	25	26
Medium/high	71	74
T status
T1	13	13.5
T2	65	67.7
T3	18	18.8
Regional lymph-node status
N0	50	52.1
N1	27	28.1
N2	19	19.8
Stage
I	41	42.7
II	22	22.9
III	31	32.3
IV	2	2.1
Ploidy
Diploidy	78	81.3
Aneuploidy	18	18.7
Smoking history
Yes	81	84.4
No	15	15.6
Adjuvant treatment
Chemotherapy-adjuvant	72	75.0
Radiotherapy-adjuvant	41	42.7
Blood-vessel infiltration	41	42.7
Lymphatic infiltration	21	21.9
High expression of p53	55	57.3
High expression of caspase-3	24	25.0
High expression of γ-H2AX	25	26.0
High Ki67 labeling index	29	30.2

Figure 1 Overall survival of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma in relation to γ-H2AX expression.

Table 2 Survival analysis according to clinicopathologic and histologic parameters

Variables	Mean survival time (95% CI), months	Survival rate (%)		P-value
		2-year	3-year
Age				0.377
<65 years	30.2 (24.4–36.0)	50.0	33.9
≥65 years	33.3 (28.6–37.9)	62.1	39.1
Sex				0.019
Male	30.0 (26.0–33.9)	52.0	30.0
Female	41.5 (33.7–49.3)	79.0	65.1
Histology
Adenocarcinoma	37.2 (31.8–42.5)	73.1	46.0	0.008
Squamous cell carcinoma	28.1 (23.8–32.4)	49.0	32.1
Large-cell and undifferentiated carcinomas	24.6 (13.3–35.9)	33.3	25.0
T				0.146
T1–T2	33.6 (29.6–37.6)	63.5	40.0
T3	20.0 (16.0–24.0)	29.6	23.7
N				<0.001
N0–N1	35.6 (31.5–39.7)	66.7	46.5
N2	18.4 (14.4–22.4)	18.4	0.0
Stage				<0.001
I–II	37.9 (33.7–42.1)	74.1	51.0
III–IV	19.9 (15.8–24.0)	23.8	7.9
Grade				0.005
Low	23.3 (17.6–28.9)	36.0	20.6
Medium/high	35.2 (31.0–39.4)	65.0	43.0
p53				0.003
High	38.7 (33.2–44.2)	74.8	51.2
Low	27.1 (22.7–31.6)	44.1	26.4
Caspase 3				0.650
Low	32.5 (28.2–36.8)	58.7	39.3
High	30.7 (23.8–37.6)	52.9	29.8
γ-H2AX				0.009
Low	35.3 (31.2–39.4)	63.8	42.8
High	23.2 (16.8–29.6)	39.3	21.8
Ki67 labeling index				0.018
Low	35.0 (30.5–39.4)	64.9	44.9
High	26.4 (20.5–32.3)	39.7	19.8
Blood-vessel infiltration				0.104
No	34.7 (29.9–39.6)	62.6	41.1
Yes	27.5 (22.9–32.1)	50.3	31.4
Lymphatic infiltration				0.009
No	34.7 (30.6–38.7)	62.7	40.7
Yes	22.5 (16.0–29.0)	38.1	23.8
Chemotherapy-adjuvant				0.440
No	34.0 (25.1–42.9)	57.6	46.2
Yes	31.8 (27.9–35.7)	57.1	34.4
Radiotherapy-adjuvant				<0.001
No	37.5 (32.9–42.2)	74.3	45.7
Yes	23.5 (19.2–27.9)	33.1	24.0

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 (A) Overall survival of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma in relation to coexpression of p53 and γ-H2AX. Group A: p53 and γ-H2AX low-expression tumors. Group B: p53 high-/γ-H2AX low- or p53 low-/γ-H2AX high-expression tumors. Group C: p53 and γ-H2AX high-expression tumors. (B) Representative serial sections of adenocarcinomas immunostained for γ-H2AX and p53.