The association between the migration inhibitory factor −173G/C polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram summarizing the selection of eligible studies.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Year	Country	Tumor Type	Cases	Controls	Age	Source of controls	Genotyping method	HWE
Ramireddy et al^Citation17 Leukemia	2014	Taiwan	Acute myeloid leukemia	256	256	Mean age: cases: 53.4 controls: 55.8	HB	PCR-RFLP	0.06
Wu et al^Citation18	2011	People’s Republic of China	Cervical cancer	250	147	Mean age: cases: 49.08±9.405 controls: 47.99±10.750	PB	PCR-RFLP	0.28
Ziino et al^Citation19	2005	Italy	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	151	355	NR	PB	PCR and DHLPC Wave analysis	0.05
Razzaghi et al^Citation20	2012	Iran	Prostate cancer	61	71	NR	PB	PCR-RFLP	0.88
Ramireddy et al^Citation21 CRC	2014	Taiwan	Colorectal cancer	192	256	Mean age: cases: 62.1 controls: 55.8	PB	PCR-RFLP	0.13
Meyer-Siegler et al^Citation22	2007	USA	Prostate cancer	131	128	Mean age: cases: 70.16±0.89 controls: 64.39±1.09	PB	PCR and ABI 310 Genetic analyzer	–
Yuan et al^Citation23	2012	People’s Republic of China	Bladder cancer	325	345	Cases: ≤55 years: 66 persons, >55 years: 259 persons; controls: ≤55 years: 83 persons, >55 years: 262 persons	PB	PCR-RFLP	0.94
Arisawa et al^Citation24	2007	Japan	Gastric cancer	232	430	Mean age: cases: 62.99±10.73 controls: 54.72±18.84	HB	PCR-SSCP	0.81
Xue et al^Citation25	2010	People’s Republic of China	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	346	516	Cases: <6 years: 156 persons, ≥6 years: 190 persons; controls: <6 years: 251 persons, ≥6 years: 265 persons	PB	PCR-RFLP	0.8
Ding et al^Citation26	2009	People’s Republic of China	Prostate cancer	259	301	Cases: ≤70 years: 123 persons, >70 years: 136 persons; controls: ≤70 years: 153 persons, >70 years: 148 persons	HB	PCR-RFLP	0.01

Abbreviations: HB, hospital-based; PB, population-based; HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; DHLPC, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography; PCR-SSCP, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism; NR, no report.

Figure 2 Forest plot of MIF –173G/C polymorphism and cancer risk in dominant model.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Figure 3 Publication bias in this meta-analysis.

Notes: (A) Begg’s funnel plots of MIF −173G/C polymorphism in dominant model. (B) Egger’s test of MIF −173G/C polymorphism in dominant model.
Abbreviation: MIF, migration inhibitory factor.

Table 2 A summary of P-values for Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test in five genetic models

	Begg’s funnel plot	Egger’s test
Dominant model	0.0286	0.1128
Recessive model	0.1361	0.0075
Homozygote comparison	0.1361	0.03
Heterozygote comparison	0.4767	0.2992
Allelic model	0.7614	0.2373

Figure S1 Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist

Notes: Data from Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRIS MA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRIS MA Statement. PLoS Med. 6(6):e1000097.¹ For more information, visit: www.prisma-statement.org.

Figure S2 Meta-analysis on genetic association studies checklist

Abbreviations: Para, paragraph; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Figure S3 Forest plot of MIF –173G/C polymorphism and cancer risk in heterozygote comparison.

Abbreviations: MIF, migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval.

Figure S4 Forest plot of MIF –173G/C polymorphism and cancer risk in recessive model.

Abbreviations: MIF, migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval.

Figure S5 Forest plot of MIF –173G/C polymorphism and cancer risk in homozygote comparison.

Abbreviations: MIF, migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval.

Figure S6 Forest plot of MIF –173G/C polymorphism and cancer risk in allelic model.

Abbreviations: MIF, migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval.

Table S1 A summary of ORs for the overall and subgroup analyses of MIF polymorphism and cancer risk

Subgroups	Dominant model (ORs)	95% CI	P-value	Recessive model (ORs)	95% CI	P-value	Allelic model (ORs)	95% CI	P-value
Overall	1.57	1.1–2.24	0.01	0.98	0.67–1.45	0.93	1.32	1.00–1.74	0.05
Prostate cancer	3.34	2.24–4.97	<0.001	–	–	–	2.94	1.91–4.54	<0.001
Other cancer	1.2	0.9–1.59	0.21	0.98	0.67–1.45	0.93	1.12	0.92–1.36	0.27
Solid cancer	1.78	1.04–3.04	0.04	1.04	0.64–1.69	0.88	1.44	0.94–2.22	0.1
Non-solid cancer	1.27	1.03–1.56	0.03	0.81	0.40–1.66	0.57	1.17	0.98–1.40	0.07
Asian	1.41	0.97–2.06	0.07	0.98	0.67–1.45	0.93	1.32	0.96–1.81	0.1
Caucasian	2.13	0.78–5.81	0.14	–	–	–	1.34	0.67–2.71	0.41
HB	1.8	1.06–3.04	0.03	0.8	0.45–1.44	0.46	1.67	0.90–3.12	0.1
PB	1.49	0.93–2.37	0.1	1.06	0.64–1.75	0.82	1.15	0.87–1.52	0.32
Subgroups	Homozygote comparison (ORs)	95% CI	P-value	Heterozygote comparison (ORs)	95% CI	P-value
Overall	1.02	0.64–1.63	0.93	1.38	1.01–1.87	0.04
Prostate cancer	–	–	–	2.39	1.65–3.47	<0.001
Other cancer	1.02	0.64–1.63	0.93	1.23	0.90–1.68	0.19
Solid cancer	1.05	0.56–2.00	0.87	1.44	0.88–2.35	0.15
Non-solid cancer	0.9	0.47–1.75	0.76	1.32	1.06–1.63	0.01
Asian	1.02	0.64–1.63	0.93	1.4	0.97–2.01	0.07
Caucasian	–	–	–	1.23	0.77–1.98	0.23
HB	0.88	0.50–1.56	0.67	1.75	1.22–2.51	0.002
PB	1.08	0.56–2.10	0.82	1.2	0.81–1.79	0.35

Abbreviations: ORs, odds ratios; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; CI, confidence interval; HB, hospital-based; PB, population-based.

Table S2 The influence of individual study on ORs in dominant model

Study omitted	Year	OR	95% CI	P-value	Heterogeneity
					I^2	P-value
None		1.57	1.10–2.24	0.01	87	P<0.001
Ramireddy et al^Citation2 Leukemia	2014	1.60	1.07–2.39	0.02	88	P<0.001
Wu et al^Citation3	2011	1.55	1.05–2.27	0.03	88	P<0.001
Ziino et al^Citation4	2005	1.65	1.12–2.43	0.01	88	P<0.001
Razzaghi et al^Citation5	2012	1.54	1.06–2.24	0.02	88	P<0.001
Ramireddy et al^Citation6 CRC	2014	1.60	1.07–2.37	0.02	88	P<0.001
Meyer-Siegler et al^Citation7	2007	1.40	1.01–1.93	0.04	83	P<0.001
Yuan et al^Citation8	2012	1.75	1.31–2.35	0.0002	77	P<0.001
Arisawa et al^Citation9	2007	1.61	1.07–2.42	0.02	88	P<0.001
Xue et al^Citation10	2010	1.62	1.07–2.44	0.02	88	P<0.001
Ding et al^Citation11	2009	1.44	1.03–2.03	0.04	84	P<0.001

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

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RamireddyLChenWTPengCTAssociation between genetic polymorphism of the MIF gene and colorectal cancer in TaiwanJ Clin Lab Anal2014

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ArisawaTTaharaTShibataTFunctional promoter polymorphisms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene in gastric carcinogenesisOncol Rep200819122322818097599

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

XueYXuHRongLThe MIF −173G/C polymorphism and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese populationLeuk Res201034101282128620447688

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

DingGXZhouSQXuZThe association between MIF −173 G>C polymorphism and prostate cancer in southern ChineseJ Surg Oncol2009100210611019475570

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

RamireddyLLinCYLiuSCAssociation study between macrophage migration inhibitory factor-173 polymorphism and acute myeloid leukemia in TaiwanCell Biochem Biophys20147021159116524879618

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

WuSLianJTaoHShangHZhangLCorrelation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism with the risk of early-stage cervical cancer and lymphatic metastasisOncol Lett2011261261126722848299

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ZiinoOD’UrbanoLEDe BenedettiFThe MIF-173G/C polymorphism does not contribute to prednisone poor response in vivo in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiaLeukemia200519122346234716208413

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

RazzaghiMMazloomfardMLotfiBMacrophage migration inhibitory factor gene-173*C polymorphism and risk of prostate cancerEur Urol Suppl20121912142

 Google Scholar

RamireddyLChenWTPengCTAssociation between genetic polymorphism of the MIF gene and colorectal cancer in TaiwanJ Clin Lab Anal2014

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Meyer-SieglerKLVeraPLIczkowskiKAMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms are associated with increased prostate cancer incidenceGenes Immun20078864665217728788

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

YuanQWangMWangMZhangZZhangWMacrophage migration inhibitory factor gene -173G>C polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer in southeast China: a case-control analysisMol Biol Rep20123933109311521750916

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ArisawaTTaharaTShibataTFunctional promoter polymorphisms of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene in gastric carcinogenesisOncol Rep200819122322818097599

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

XueYXuHRongLThe MIF-173G/C polymorphism and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese populationLeuk Res201034101282128620447688

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

DingGXZhouSQXuZThe association between MIF-173 G>C polymorphism and prostate cancer in southern ChineseJ Surg Oncol2009100210611019475570

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar