Association of the CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism of the vitamin D catabolism enzyme with hormone-related cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of study selection.

Table 1 Characteristics of case-control studies included in the meta-analysis

Study	Reference	Ethnicity	Country	Case/control	Case			Control			OR	HWE Y/N (P-value)
					AA	AG	GG	AA	AG	GG	(95% CI)
PTC	Penna-Martinez et al^Citation15	German	Germany (2006–2008)	205/302	57	101	47	89	151	62	0.922 (0.72–1.19)	Y (0.87)
FTC	Penna-Martinez et al^Citation15	German	Germany (2007–2009)	48/302	9	22	17	89	151	62	0.597 (0.39–0.93)	Y (0.87)
Breast cancer	Anderson et al^Citation20	Colored	Canada (2002–2003)	1,777/1,839	449	777	330	468	791	371	1.034 (0.94–1.14)	Y (0.28)
Breast cancer	McCullough et al^Citation21	Caucasian, African-American	USA (1998–2001)	500/500	141	254	99	139	253	98	1.003 (0.84–1.20)	Y (0.41)
Prostate cancer	Holt et al^Citation18	Caucasian or African-American	Canada (2002–2005)	711/718	170	356	166	183	371	151	0.921 (0.79–1.07)	Y (0.15)
Prostate cancer	Holt et al^Citation18	Caucasian or African-American	USA (2002–2005)	116/68	37	50	25	15	39	12	1.13 (0.74–1.75)	Y (0.1)
Prostate cancer	Holick et al^Citation17	Caucasian or African-American	USA (1993–1996)	630/565	152	285	134	157	275	107	0.88 (0.75–1.04)	Y (0.54)
Prostate cancer	Beuten et al^Citation16	non-Hispanic Caucasians	USA (2001–2009)	609/348	48.4 (G%)	51.6 (A%)		47 (G%)	53 (A%)		0.95 (0.73–1.24)	–
Prostate cancer	Beuten et al^Citation16	Hispanic Caucasian	USA (2001–2009)	195/514	55.4 (G%)	44.6 (A%)		55.9 (G%)	44.1 (A%)		1.02 (0.73–1.42)	–
Prostate cancer	Beuten et al^Citation16	African-American	USA (2001–2009)	82/109	54.9 (G%)	45.1 (A%)		49.7 (G%)	50.3 (A%)		0.81 (0.5–1.33)	–
Prostate cancer	Oh et al^Citation19	Korean	Korea (1995–2002)	272/173	64 (G%)	36 (A%)		55.8 (G%)	44.2 (A%)			Y (>0.05)

Abbreviations: PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 2 Forest plot showing the association between CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism and hormone-related cancer risk in the additive model.

Note: Weights are from random effects analysis.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CYP, cytochrome P450; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Figure 3 Forest plot showing the association between CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism and hormone-related cancer risk in the recessive mode.

Note: Weights are from random effects analysis.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CYP, cytochrome P450; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Figure 4 Forest plot showing the association between the CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism and hormone-related cancer risk in the allelic contrast mode.

Note: Weights are from random effects analysis.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CYP, cytochrome P450; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Figure 5 Forest plot showing the association between CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism and hormone-related cancer risk in the dominant mode.

Note: Weights are from random effects analysis.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CYP, cytochrome P450; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Table S1 Newcastle-Ottawa scale evaluation criteria of case-control study

Disease	Reference	Study population				Groups			Exposure	Total scores
		a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
PTC	Penna-Martinez et al^Citation15	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	6
FTC	Penna-Martinez et al^Citation15	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	6
Breast cancer	Anderson et al^Citation20	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	5
Breast cancer	McCullough et al^Citation21	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	6
Prostate cancer	Holt et al^Citation18	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	7
Prostate cancer	Holt et al^Citation18	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	7
Prostate cancer	Holick et al^Citation17	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	5
Prostate cancer	Beuten et al^Citation16	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	6
Prostate cancer	Beuten et al^Citation16	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	6
Prostate cancer	Beuten et al^Citation16	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	6
Prostate cancer	Oh et al^Citation19	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	7

Notes: a, cases to determine whether appropriate; b, representative cases; c, select of control; d, determination of control; e, comparability of cases and controls; f, determination of exposure factors; g, using the same method to determine the cases and controls of exposure factors; h, measurement of exposure factors, no response rate.

Abbreviations: PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; FTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Table S2 Meta-analysis of the association between CYP24A1-rs2296241 polymorphism and cancer risk

Model	Group	Studies	Test of association		Test of heterogeneity
		(n)	OR	95% CI	I^2	P-value
Additive	Thyroid cancera	2	0.78	(0.51–1.18)	60.2	0.113
	Breast cancer	2	1.14	(0.97–1.11)	0	0.695
	Prostate cancer	4	0.91	(0.85–0.97)	11.4	0.336
	Overall	8	0.94	(0.86–1.02)	56.3	0.025
Recessive	Thyroid cancer	2	0.67	(0.37–1.22)	57.4	0.125
	Breast cancer	2	1.07	(0.92–1.24)	0	0.597
	Prostate cancer	4	0.80	(0.67–0.95)	0	0.923
	Overall	8	0.9	(0.77–1.05)	48.4	0.059
Dominant	Thyroid cancer	2	0.8	(0.51–1.25)	26.7	0.243
	Breast cancer	2	1.01	(0.88–1.15)	0	0.99
	Prostate cancer	4	1.92	(0.66–1.28)	52.2	0.099
	Overall	8	0.91	(0.79–1.04)	36.4	0.138
Allelic	Thyroid cancer	2	1.29	(0.87–1.37)	65.1	0.09
	Breast cancer	2	1	(0.90–1.11)	0	1
	Prostate cancer	7	0.98	(0.86–1.12)	13.4	0.329
	Overall	11	1.02	(0.94–1.11)	20.6	0.253

Note:

a Includes papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Abbreviations: CYP, cytochrome P450; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

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