Thyroid malignant neoplasm-associated biomarkers as targets for oncolytic virotherapy

Figures & data

Table 1 Estimated protein expression of TMN biomarkers

Estimated protein expression log10 (ppm)
Biomarker	Serum	Plasma	Platelet	Liver	Heart	Lung	Brain	Kidney	Pancreas	Adipocyte
TSHR	–	1	>0	–	–	–	0	–	–	–
TPO	–	>1	>−1	<1	1	–	–	–	–	–
NIS	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
CD133	–	<1	0	–	–	2	–	–	–	–
CD44	2	<1	<1	>3	>2	2	<1	>0	3	–
CAV-1	–	–	0	1	3	>2	–	2	–	4
LGAL3	–	<1	>1	–	<3	>1	2	>1	–	–

Note: – indicates that the value is below zero as reported by Safran et al.¹⁰

Abbreviations: CAV-1, Caveolin-1; NIS, sodium/iodide symporter; CD, cluster of differentiation; LGAL3, galectin-3; ppm, parts per million; TMN, thyroid malignant neoplasm; TPO, thyroid peroxidase; TSHR, thyrotropin receptor.

Table 2 TMN biomarkers in subcellular locations

Biomarker	Subcellular locations from compartment and confidence number from 0 to 5a
	Extracellular	Plasma	Cytosol	Nucleus endoplasmic	Endosome	Golgi lysosome	Mitochondrion	Space membrane	Reticulum apparatus
TSHR	1	2	5	1	1	0	0	0	0
TPO	2	4	2	2	2	2	2	1	2
NIS	4	4	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
CD133	2	5	1	2	1	0	0	0	0
CD44	3	5	0	2	1	1	4	0	1
CAV-1	2	5	2	2	5	5	5	1	1
LGAL3	5	4	3	5	0	1	0	1	5

Notes:

a Confidence number 0–5: It graphically summarizes the types of evidence supporting the localization by Binder et al.¹¹

Abbreviations: CAV-1, caveolin-1; NIS, sodium/iodide symporter; CD, cluster of differentiation; LGAL3, galectin-3; TMN, thyroid malignant neoplasm; TPO, thyroid peroxidase; TSHR, thyrotropin receptor.

Figure 1 Oncolytic viral tropism altered by modification of viral surface proteins.

Notes: The modified virus binds with thyroid cell membrane biomarkers including TSHR, TPO, NIS, CD44, CD133, CAV-1, or Galectin-3. (A) TSH β subunit on the selected oncolytic virus for specific binding TSHR on thyroid cells. (B) Expression of specific antibodies against the thyroid membrane-bound biomarkers. (C) Expression of peptide aptamers that specifically target the TMN biomarkers on the thyroid follicular cells.
Abbreviations: CAV-1, Caveolin-1; NIS, sodium/iodide symporter; CD, cluster of differentiation; LGAL3, galectin-3; TMN, thyroid malignant neoplasm; TPO, thyroid peroxidase; TSHR, thyrotropin receptor.

SafranMChalifa-CaspiVShmueliOHuman gene-centric databases at the Weizmann Institute of Science: GeneCards, UDB, CroW 21 and HORDENucl Aci Res2003311142146

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BinderJXPletscher-FrankildSTsafouKCompartments: unification and visualization of protein subcellular, localization evidenceDatabase (Oxford)20142014bau01224573882

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