Adopted youth and sleep difficulties

Figures & data

Figure 1 Common biopsychosocial risk factors for sleep difficulties in adopted youth.

Abbreviation: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.

Figure 2 The overlap of sleep development on typical adoption processes.

Table 1 Studies found that examine sleep in adopted youth

Study	Study design	Sample size	Age of population	Type of population	Outcome measures
Cuddihy et al^Citation22	Cross-sectional with comparison group	63 children	5–12 years	Domestic adoption into UK families	Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire; Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire
Damsteegt et al^Citation23	Mix-method, longitudinal	92 families	11–16 months	International infant adoption into Dutch families	Tympanic membrane temperature; CBCL; demographic information
Mannering et al^Citation24	Longitudinal	338 adoptive parents	Mean age 9 months	Domestic infant adoption into US families	Marital Stability Index; Sleep Habits Questionnaire
Rettig and McCarthy-Rettig^Citation25	Cross-sectional	240 children	80% <18 months at adoption (>90% female)	International infant adoption into US families	Measures designed for study on sleep; physical health
Tan et al^Citation15	Qualitative with cross-sectional	480 children	Mean age 52 months (>90% female)	International infant adoption into US families	CBCL; parent questionnaire on sleep habits
Tirella and Miller^Citation26	Qualitative with content analysis	387 children	4–36 months (>90% female)	International infant adoption into US families	Semi-structured parent interview; medical chart
Tirella et al^Citation20	Multiple-case design with content analysis	Nine families	12–35 months	International infant adoption into US families	Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment; Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile; Parenting Stress Index; parent interview

Abbreviation: CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist.

CuddihyCDorrisLMinnisHKocovskaESleep disturbance in adopted children with a history of maltreatmentAdopt Foster2013374404411

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DamsteegtRCvan IJzendoornMHOutDBakermans-KranenburgMJTympanic membrane temperature in adopted children associated with sleep problems and pre-adoption living arrangements: an exploratory studyBMC Psychol2014215125520810

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ManneringAMHaroldGTLeveLDLongitudinal associations between marital instability and child sleep problems across infancy and toddlerhood in adoptive familiesChild Dev20118241252126621557740

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RettigMAMcCarthy-RettigKA survey of the health, sleep, and development of children adopted from ChinaHealth Soc Work200631320120716955658

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TanTXMarfoKDedrickRFPreschool-age adopted Chinese children’s sleep problems and family sleep arrangementsInfant Child Dev2009185422440

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TirellaLGMillerLCSelf-regulation in newly arrived international adopteesPhys Occup Ther Pediatr201131330131421391835

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TirellaLGTickle-DegnenLMillerLCBedellGParent strategies for addressing the needs of their newly adopted childPhys Occup Ther Pediatr20123219711021875386

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