Determinants of preterm birth at Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic factors among mothers in April 2017

Maternal demography		Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	P-value
Place of residence	Urban	98 (45)	262 (59.8)	0.000
	Rural	120 (55)	176 (40.2)
Maternal age, years	≤19	32 (14.7)	44 (10)	0.062
	20–34	157 (72)	351 (80.1)
	≥35	29 (13.3)	43 (9.8)
Gravidity number	Primigravida	66 (30.3)	115 (26.3)	0.278
	Multigravida	152 (69.7)	323 (73.7)
Parity number	Nullipara	71 (32.6)	123 (28.1)	0.171
	Primipara	47 (21.6)	81 (18.5)
	Multipara	100 (45.9)	234 (53.4)

Table 2 Obstetric factors among mothers in April 2017

Obstetric factors		Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	P-value
History of abortion	Yes	31 (14.2)	42 (9.6)	0.278
	No	187 (85.8)	396 (90.4)
Birth interval	<2 years	105 (48.2)	127 (29)	0.000
	≥2 years	113 (51.8)	311 (71)
Number of ANC visits	None	11 (5)	13 (3)	0.000
	Fewer than four	201 (92)	387 (88.4)
	Four or more	6 (2.8)	38 (8.7)
Hemoglobin level	<11 mg/dL	78 (35.8)	49 (11.2)	0.000
	≥11 mg/dL	140 (64.2)	389 (88.8)
Labor status	Spontaneous	187 (85.8)	421 (96.1)	0.000
	Induced	31 (14.2)	17 (3.9)

Abbreviation: ANC, antenatal care.

Table 3 Obstetric complications among mothers in April 2017

Obstetric complications		Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	P-value
APH	Yes	43 (19.7)	13 (3)	0.000
	No	175 (80.3)	425 (97)
Preeclampsia	Yes	69 (31.7)	22 (5)	0.000
	No	149 (68.3)	416 (95)
PROM	Yes	70 (32.1)	23 (5.3)	0.000
	No	148 (67.9)	415 (94.7)
PIH	Yes	39 (17.9)	8 (1.8)	0.000
	No	179 (82.1)	430 (98.2)
Others	Yes	10 (4.6)	6 (1.4)	0.001
	No	208 (95.4)	432 (98.6)

Abbreviation: APH, antepartum hemorrhage; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; PROM, prolonged rupture of membrane.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of maternal factors associated with preterm birth

Maternal factors associated		Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
History of preterm births	Yes	37 (17)	17 (3.9)	5.1 (2.8–9.2)	6.4 (2.9–13.9)*
	No	181 (83)	421 (96.1)		1
History of stillbirths	Yes	34 (15.6)	34 (7.8)	2.2 (1.3–3.6)	4.2 (2–8.9)*
	No	184 (84.4)	404 (92.2)		1
Cardiac disease	yes	6 (2.8)	4 (0.9)	3.1 (0.9–10.9)	5.2 (0.9–27.7)
	no	212 (97.2)	434 (99.1)		1
Anemia	Yes	32 (14.7)	15 (3.4)	4.8 (2.6–9.2)	2.7 (1–7.01)***
	No	186 (85.3)	423 (96.6)		1
APH	Yes	43 (19.7)	13 (3)	8 (4.2–15.3)	8.1 (3.5–18.5)*
	No	175 (80.3)	425 (97)		1
Preeclampsia	Yes	69 (31.7)	22 (5)	8.8 (5.2–14.7)	6.6 (3.3–13.4)*
	No	149 (68.3)	416 (95)		1
PROM	Yes	70 (32.1)	23 (5.3)	8.5 (5.1–14.2)	11.7 (6.2–21.9)*
	No	148 (67.9)	415 (94.7)		1
PIH	Yes	39 (17.9)	8 (1.8)	11.7 (5.4–25.6)	6 (2.3–15.6)*
	No	179 (82.1)	430 (98.2)		1
Hemoglobin level	<11 mg/dL	78 (35.8)	49 (11.2)	4.4 (2.9–6.6)	2.2 (1.2–4.1)***
	≥11 mg/dL	140 (64.2)	389 (88.8)		1
Multiple pregnancies	Yes	51 (23.4)	37 (8.4)	3.3 (2.1–5.2)	4.5 (2.4–8.5)*
	No	167 (76.6)	401 (91.6)		1
Birth interval	<2 years	105 (48.2)	127 (29)	2.3 (1.6–3.2)	2.7 (1.7–4.5)*
	≥2 years	113 (51.8)	311 (71)		1
Number of ANC visits	None	11 (5)	13 (3)	5.4 (1.6–17.4)	3.4 (0.6–20.5)
	≤4	201 (92.2)	387 (88.4)	3.3 (1.4–7.9)	4.8 (1.2–19)***
	≥5	6 (2.8)	38 (8.7)		1

Notes: By backward removal analysis, reference category for logistic regression represented by 1.

* P<0.0001;

*** P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; APH, antepartum hemorrhage; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; PROM, prolonged rupture of membrane.