Home-based neonatal care by Health Extension Worker in rural Sidama Zone southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers and their neonates in the rural Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2017

Variables (N=2,040)	Frequency	Percentage
Sex of the child
Male	1,057	51.8
Female	983	48.2
Child’s age in weeks
4	130	6.4
5–12	598	29.3
13–24	1,312	64.3
Mothers’ age, years
15–19	203	10
20–24	699	34.3
25–29	598	29.3
30–34	350	17.2
≥35	190	9.3
Did the mother attend school?
Yes	1,356	66.5
No	684	33.5
Highest grade attended by the mother (n=1,356)
Grade 1–4	543	40
Grade 5–8	606	44.7
Grade 9–10	147	10.8
Higher than grade 10	60	4.5
Maternal occupation
Housewife	1,736	85.1
Merchants/traders	150	7.4
Daily laborer and others	66	3.2
Farmer	88	4.3
Spouse’s main occupation
Farmer	1,206	59.1
Merchant/trader	574	28.1
Day laborer/other	164	8.7
Employed	84	4.1
Place of delivery
Health facilities	1,469	72
Home	571	28

Table 2 Postnatal home visit for mothers and their neonates by HEW in rural Sidama zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2017

Mothers visited at home by any health worker during the postnatal period (N=2,040)		%
Yes	263	12.9
No	1,777	87.1
HEW visited the home of the mother in the postnatal period (N=2,040)
Yes	252	12.4
No	1,788	87.6
Frequency of home visits by HEWs (n=252)
Once	141	56
Twice	81	32.1
Three	30	11.9
Checkup was done by HEW during the postnatal period
Both mothers and their neonate (n=252)	229	90.9
Baby only? (n=252)	15	5.9
Mother only? (n=252)	8	3.2
Time of first postnatal home visit by HEW
Visited within 24 hours	66	46.8
Visited in 2–3 days	38	26.9
Visited after 3 days	37	26.3
Time of second postnatal home visit by HEW (n=81)
Within 72 hours	46	26.2
≥Fourth day	35	43.3
Time of third postnatal home visit by HEW (n=30)
Within 1 week	21	70
After 1 week	9	30

Abbreviations: HEW, Health Extension Worker; SNNPR, Southern Nation Nationalities People Region.

Table 3 Types of maternal and neonatal care done during home visits by HEWs in postnatal period in rural Sidama Zone, SNNPR, 2017

List of activities	Visit 1 Frequency and their (%)	Visit 2	Visit 3
The proportion of neonates that underwent body examination by HEWs	231 (91.7)	109 (96.5)	29 (96.7)
The proportion of mothers counseled on breastfeeding	216 (85.7)	99 (87.6)	26 (87.6)
The proportion of mothers checked for cord care	210 (83.3)	101 (89.4)	27 (90)
The proportion of neonates observed for breastfeeding	200 (79.4)	99 (87.6)	26 (86.7)
The proportion of babies checked for danger signs	177 (70.2)	78 (69)	21 (70)
The proportion of mothers counseled on skin to skin contact	145 (57.5)	73 (64.6)	21 (70)
The proportion of neonates observed in KMC position	102 (40.5)	52 (46)	16 (53.3)
The proportion of neonates weighed	92 (36.5)	51 (45.1)	17 (56.7)
The proportion of mothers counseled on danger signs	82 (32.5)	45 (39.8)	16 (53.3)
The proportion of neonates referred to health center/hospital	16 (6.3)	13 (11.5)	8 (26.7)
The proportion of mothers checked for nothing	4 (1.6)	3 (2.7)	0

Abbreviations: HEW, Health Extension Worker; KMC, kangaroo mother care; SNNPR, Southern Nation Nationalities People Region.

Figure 1 Maternal knowledge of neonatal danger signs and symptoms which caused them to take their neonate right away to a health facility in the rural Sidama Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2017.

Abbreviation: SNNPR, Southern Nation Nationalities People Region.

Table 4 Factors associated with postnatal practice in the rural Sidama zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2017

Variables		Postnatal practice			AOR 95% CI	P-value
		Good	Poor	COR 95% CI
Maternal education	Not applicable	289 (43.9)	370 (56.1)	1	1
	Grade 1–4	240 (44.9)	294 (55.1)	1.1 (0.83, 1.31)	1.1 (0.83, 1.33)	>0.05
	Grade 5–8	271 (44.7)	335 (55.3)	1.1 (0.82, 1.28)	1.1 (0.82, 1.29)
	Grade 9–10	69 (43.7)	89 (56.3)	1 (0.69, 1.42)	1 (0.69, 1.4)
	Higher than grade 10	30 (51.7)	28 (48.3)	1.4 (0.81, 2.3)	1.4 (0.81, 2.4)
Occupation of spouse	Farmer	533 (44.6)	663 (55.4)	1	1	>0.05
	Merchant/trader	246 (43.4)	321 (56.6)	1 (0.78, 1.16)	1 (0.77, 1.17)
	Day laborer/other	72 (45.9)	85 (54.1)	1.1 (0.75, 1.47)	1.1 (0.75, 1.48)
	Employed	48 (50.5)	47 (49.5)	1.27 (0.83, 1.9)	1.1 (0.71, 1.7)
Income categorized	≤499 ETB	280 (49)	292 (51)	1 (0.73, 1.29)	1 (0.77, 1.4)
	500–999 ETB	295 (41.8)	411 (58.2)	0.73 (0.56, 1)*	0.79 (0.59, 1)*	0.00
	1,000–1,499 ETB	115 (38.1)	187 (61.9)	0.62 (0.45, 0.87)	0.68 (0.48, 0.95)*	0.00
	1,500–1,999 ETB	64 (45.1)	78 (54.9)	0.83 (0.56, 1.25)	0.89 (0.59, 1.33)
	≥2,000 ETB	145 (49.5)	148 (50.5)	1	1
Place of delivery of the last child	Home delivery	202 (36.1)	357 (63.9)	0.61 (0.50, 0.75)*	0.64 (0.53, 0.79)*	0.00
	Health institutions/skilled delivery	697 (47.9)	759 (52.1)	1	1
Postnatal home visit by HEWs	Yes	130 (52.4)	118 (47.6)	1.43 (1, 1.86)*	1.35 (1, 1.71)*	0.05
	No	769 (43.5)	998 (56.5)	1	1	0.00
Have radio	Yes	242 (46.3)	281 (53.7)	1.1(0.89, 1.33)	1.1 (0.87, 1.32)
	No	657 (44.0)	835 (56.0)	1	1
Distance to health facility	<1 hour	884 (44.6)	1,099 (55.4)	0.91 (0.45, 1.83)	0.95 (0.46, 1.93)
	>1 hour	15 (46.9)	17 (53.1)	1	1

Note:

* p<0.005.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; HEW, Health Extension Worker; SNNPR, Southern Nation Nationalities People Region.