Exclusive Breast Feeding and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers of <12 Months Old Child in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants Towards Exclusive Breast-Feeding, Harar Town, Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia (n=577)

Variables	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Age
18–25	256	44.4
26–40	321	55.6
Marital status
Married	532	92.2
Divorced	37	6.4
Others	8	1.4
Religion
Muslim	413	71.6
Orthodox	118	20.5
Protestant	41	7.1
Others	5	0.86
Ethnicity
Oromo	208	36
Amhara	64	11.1
Harari	230	39.9
Somali	49	8.5
Others	26	4.5
Mother education
Unable to read and write	91	15.8
Primary school	234	40.6
Secondary school & above	205	35.5
College or university	47	8.1
Mother occupation
Housewife	319	55.3
Government employee	121	21
Private employee	56	9.7
Merchant	69	12
Others	12	2
Average monthly income
300–2500	136	23.6
2501–5000	236	40.9
>5000	205	35.5

Table 2 Obstetrics and Infant Conditions of Study Participants Towards Exclusive Breast-Feeding, Harar Town, Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia (n=577)

Variable	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Number of children in family
1	275	47. 7
2–3	185	32
4 above	117	20. 3
Antenatal care follow-up
Yes	544	94.3
No	33	5.7
Antenatal care visits
1 visit	26	4.8
2 visits	105	19.3
3 visits	194	35.6
4 visits and above	219	40. 3
Place of delivery
Home	34	5. 9
Health facility	543	94.1
Mode of delivery
Vaginal delivery	467	86
Cesarean section	76	14
Sex of the child
Male	325	56.3
Female	252	43.7
Postnatal care
Yes	543	94. 1
No	34	5.9
Baby illness/sick
Yes	128	22. 2
No	449	77.8
Disease condition
Vomiting	90	15.9
Diarrhea	81	14
Fever	83	14.3
Common cold	87	15. 1
Cough	71	12.3
Skin allergy	69	11. 9
Others	35	6.03

Table 3 Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Exclusive Breast-Feeding, Harar Town, Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia (n=577)

Variables	Exclusive Breast-feeding		Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
	Yes	No	COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
Age
18–25	130	126	1	1
26–40	134	187	1.44(1.04, 2.01)	1.98(1.10, 3.57)*
Maternal education
Unable to read and write	35	56	1	1
Primary school	120	114	0.59(0.36, 0.97)	0.67(0.28, 1.61)
Secondary school and above	89	116	0.82(0.49, 1.35)	0.54(0.27, 1.12)
College/university	20	27	0.84(0.41, 1.73)	0.64(0.30, 1.35)
Average monthly income
<2500	60	76	1	1
2501–5000	99	137	1.09(0.71, 1.67)	0.80(0.41, 1.60)
>5000	105	100	0.75(0.49, 1.16)	0.74(0.37, 1.47)
Number of pregnancies
1–2	135	140	1	1
3–4	80	105	1.45 (0.88, 2.38)	1.01(0.55, 1.84)
5 and above	49	68	1.81(1.01, 3.24)	1.21(0.59, 2.51)
Breast-feeding information
Yes	215	49	1.61(1.08, 2.40)	1.95(1.13, 3.37)*
No	229	84	1	1
Antenatal care follow-up
Yes	249	15	1.01(0.50, 2.05)	1.00(0.42, 2.36)
No	295	18	1	1
Early initiation of breast-feeding
Yes	252	311	7.40(1.64, 13.39)	12.34(1.33, 14.32)*
No	12	2	1	1
Knowledge about EBF
Good knowledge	186	209	1.19(0.83, 1.69)	1.16(0.72, 1.87)
Poor knowledge	78	104	1	1

Notes: *Significantly associated with p-value <0.05 in multivariate analysis.

Abbreviations: COR, crud odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; EBF, exclusive breast-feeding.