Factors Associated with the Outcome of a Pediatric Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Resource-Limited Setup: Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Wolaita Sodo and Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, 2020

Variables		Frequency (n) and Percentage (%)	Outcome Frequency (n) and Percentage (%)
			Alive	Death
Age group	≤2 years	55(13.9)	27(49.1)	28(50.9)
	>2 years	341(86.1)	204(59.8)	137(40.2)
Residency	Urban	211(53.3)	135(53.9)	76(46.1)
	Rural	185(46.7)	96(41.6)	89(58.4)
Sex	Male	250(63.1)	149(59.6)	101(40.4)
	Female	146(36.9)	82(56.2)	64(43.8)
Co-existing morbidities**	Yes	78(19.7)	22(28.2)	56(71.8)
	No	318(80.3)	209(65.7)	109(34.3)
Mechanical ventilation**	Yes	172(43.4)	67(39)	105(61%)
	No	224(56.6)	164(73.2)	60(26.8)
Consciousness**	Conscious	173(43.7)	82(47.4)	91(52.6)
	Unconscious	223(56.3)	149(66.8)	74(33.2)
Length of stay**	<7 days	293(74)	161(54.9)	132(45.1)
	≥7 days	103(26)	70(68)	33(32)
Infection**	Yes	221(55.8)	102(46.2)	119(53.8)
	No	175(44.2)	129(73.7)	46(26.3)
Outcome	396	396	231(58.3)	165(41.7)

Note: **Significant on bivariate analysis (p< 0.25).

Abbreviation: Outcome, state of diseases outcome after admission to PICU.

Table 2 Diagnosis of Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Wolaita Sodo and Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, 2020

Variables	Frequency (n) and Percentage (%)	Outcome Frequency (n) and Percentage (%)
		Alive	Death
Respiratory cases	50(12.6)	35(70)	15(30)
ARDS**	22(5.6)	5(22.7)	17(77.3)
Traumatic brain injury	53(13.4)	36(67.9)	17(32.1)
Meningitis**	63(15.9)	28(44.4)	35(55.6)
Malaria	18(4.5)	11(61.1)	7(38.9)
Burn	8(2.20)	5(62.5)	3(37.5)
GBS**	57(14.4)	34(59.6)	23(40.4)
SHOCK	23(5.8)	15(65.2)	8(34.8)
Sepsis**	18(4.5)	6(33.3)	12(66.7)
Surgery**	84(21.2)	55(66.3)	28(33.7)

Note: **Significant on bivariate analysis (p< 0.25).

Abbreviations: ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; GBS, Guillain-Barre syndrome; Outcome, state of diseases outcome after admission to PICU.

Table 3 Treatment Given Intensive Care Unit Wolaita Sodo and Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, 2020

Variables		Frequency (n) and Percentage (%)	Outcome Frequency (n) and Percentage (%)
			Alive	Death
Transfusion	Yes	78(19.7)	36(46.2)	42(53.8)
	No	318(80.3)	145(61.3)	123(38.7)
Respiratory support**	Yes	377(95.2%)	215(57)	162(43)
	No	19(4.8%)	16(84.2)	3(15.8)
Inotrope**	Yes	155(39.1%)	70(45.2)	85(54.8)
	No	241(60.9%)	161(66.8)	80(33.2)
Antibiotic	Yes	396(100%)	231(38.3)	165(41.7)

Note: **Significant on bivariate analysis (p< 0.25).

Abbreviation: Outcome, state of diseases outcome after admission to PICU.

Table 4 Factors Associated with Outcome of Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Wolaita Sodo and Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, 2020

Variable	Category	Frequency & (%)	Outcome		COR	AOR, 95% CI	p-value
			Alive	Death
Age group	≤2 years	55(13.9)	27(49.1)	28(50.9)	1.54(0.872,2.734)	1.726(0.807,3.688)	0.159
	≥ 2 years	341(86.1)	204(59.8)	137(40.2)	1	1
Residency	Urban	211(53.3)	135(53.9)	76(46.1)	0.6(0.406,0.908)	0.55(0.331,0.92)	0.024 *
	Rural	185(46.7)	96(41.6)	89(58.4)		1
Co-morbidity	Yes	78(19.7)	22(28.2)	56(71.8)	4.88(2.8,8.42)	9.4(4.5,19.7)	0.000*
	No	318(80.3)	209(65.7)	109(34.3)	1	1
Respiratory	50(12.6)	50(12.6)	35(70)	15(30)	0.86(0.49,1.53)	0.749(0.314,1.787)	0.514
ARDS	Yes	28	7(25)	21(75)	4.7(1.93,11.3)	12.86(4.3,39.2)	0.000*
Meningitis	Yes	63(15.9)	28(44.4)	35(55.6)	1.952(1.13,3.361)	3.56 (1.5,8.7)	0.005
TBI	Yes	53(13.4)	36(67.9)	17(32.1)	0.62(0.336,1.151)	1.911(0.453,3.2)	0.7
Sepsis	Yes	18(4.5)	6(33.3)	12(66.7)	4.19(1.5,11.9)	2.86(0.665,12.275)	0.16
Surgery	Yes	83	55(66.3)	28(33.7)	0.65(0.394,1.1)	1.334(0.584,3.044)	0.5
Infectious	Yes	221(55.8)	102(46.2)	119(53.8)	3.3(2.13,5.02)	1.940(1.096,3.436)	0.023
Length of stay	<7 days	293(74)	161(54.9)	132(45.1)	1	1	0.001
	≥7 days	103(26)	70(68)	33(32)	1.74(1.1,2.79)	2.780(1.513,5.110)
Conscious	Conscious	173(43.7)	82(47.4)	91(52.6)	2.24(1.49,3.36)	1.062(0.607,1.858)	0.834
	Unconscious	223(56.3)	149(66.8)	(7433.2)	1	1
Mechanical ventilation	Yes	172(43.4)	67(39)	105(610)	4.28(2.798,6.55)	3.15(1.7,5.9)	0.00 *
	No	224(56.6)	164(73.2)	60(26.8)	1	1
Transfusion	Yes	78(19.7)	36(46.2)	42(53.8)	1	1	0.193
	No	318(80.3)	145(61.3)	123(38.7)	1.385(1.12,3)	1.733(0.757,3.970)
Respiratory support	Yes	377(95.2%)	215(57)	162(43)	0.862(0.485,1.53)	1.694(0.370,7.759)	0.47
	No	19(4.8%)	16(84.2)	3(15.8)	1	1
Inotrope	Yes	155(39.1%)	70(45.2)	85(54.8)	2.4(1.6,3.7)	2.455(1.368,4.405)	0.003
	No	241(60.9%)	161(66.8)	80(33.2)	1	1

Note: *Significant association on multivariate analysis (p-value < 0.05).

Abbreviation: Outcome, state of diseases outcome after admission to PICU.