Chronic Microvascular Complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Predictors Among Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopia; A Single Center Experience: Ambi Directional Cohort Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Microvascular Complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Pediatric Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Compressive Specialized Hospital, Harar Town, Ethiopia, 2023

Variable		Frequency	Percentage
Residency	Urban	49	39.52%
	Rural	75	60.48%
Family history	Yes	16	12.90%
	No	108	87.10%
Gender	Female	58	46.7%
	Male	66	53%
Primary caregiver	Father	58	46.77%
	Mother	54	43.55%
	Siblings	11	8.87%
Caregiver educational status	Unable to read or write	69	55.65%
	Able to read and write	27	21.77%
	Completed primary	12	9.68%
	Completed secondary	3	2.42%
	Higher	13	10.48%
Duration of diagnosis	<3 years	62	50%
	3–5 years	44	35.4%
	>5 years	18	14.5%
Age	Pre pubertal	37	29.84%
	Pubertal	52	41.94%
	Post pubertal	35	28.23%

Table 2 Insulin Utilization and Monitoring of Patients with Chronic Microvascular Complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Pediatric Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Compressive Specialized Hospital, Harar Town, Ethiopia, 2023

Variable		Frequency	Percentage
Storage	Room	2	1.61%
	Refrigerator	49	39.52%
	Underground	73	58.87%
Monitoring equipment	Yes	114	91.94%
	No	10	8.06%
Frequency of RBS	Once per day	5	4.3%
	Twice per day	99	86.8%
	Three times per day	10	8.7%
Hypoglycemia	Once per 6 months	19	16.7%
	Twice per 6 months	31	27.1%
	Three per 6 months	11	9.6%
	Four per 6 months	9	7.8%
	Five per 6 months	1	0.87%
	None	43	37.7%
Admission for DKA	Once	28	22.58%
	Twice	3	2.42
	Three	2	1.61%
	No	90	72.5%

Table 3 Incidence of Microvascular Complication in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Pediatric Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Compressive Specialized Hospital, Harar Town, Ethiopia, 2023

Variable		Person Time	Incidence Rate Per 1000 Population
Control	Good	51	58
	Poor	356.5	86
Age group	Pre pubertal	72	27
	Pubertal	142.5	91
	Post pubertal	193	98
BMI	Normal	267	78
	Severe malnutrition	46	130
	Moderate malnutrition	94.5	74
Nephropathy	Yes	79	34.5
	No	328.5
Retinopathy	Yes	56	29.4
	No	351.5
Peripheral neuropathy	Yes	47	24.5
	No	360.5

Table 4 Incidence Rate Ratio for Patients with Chronic Microvascular Complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Pediatric Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Compressive Specialized Hospital, Harar Town, Ethiopia, 2023

Variable		CIRR	95% Conf. Interval	AIRR	95% Conf. Interval
Gender	Male	1.61	0.79–3.25	1.71	0. 0.81–3.56
	Female
Age group	Pre pubertal
	Pubertal	2.67	1.59–4.47	1.91	1.05–3.48*
Residency	Urban
	Rural	1.07	0.54–2.12
Caregiver	Parents
	Siblings	0.90	0.27–2.95
Caregiver education	Unable to read or write	0.79	0.41–1.56
	At least read and write
Family history	Yes	0 0.42	0.10–1.76
	No
Storage	Refrigerator
	Underground	0.89	0.69−1.38
Control	Good
	Poor	2.10	0.64–6.89	1.50	0.46–4.97
Hypoglycemia	No
	Yes	1.09	0.49–2.03
Admission	No
	Yes	1.38	0.69–2.80
Frequency	<=2
	≥3	0.69	0.24–1.96
Duration	<3 years
	≥3 years	2.39	1.63−3.53	1.13	1.07–1.28*

Notes: *Statistically significant with p value <0.05.