Malaria parasitemia and its association with lipid and hematological parameters among malaria-infected patients attending at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014

Variables	Malaria patients (%)	Healthy controls (%)	Total (%)
Sex
Male	78 (78)	79 (79)	157 (78.5)
Female	22 (22)	21 (21)	43 (21.5)
Total	100 (100)	100 (100)	200 (100)
Age (years)
≤15	13 (13)	13 (13)	26 (13)
16–30	70 (70)	70 (70)	140 (70)
31–5	11 (11)	11 (11)	22 (11)
≥46	6 (6)	6 (6)	12 (6)
Total	100 (100)	100 (100)	200 (100)
Occupation
Farmer	76 (76)	63 (63)	139 (69.5)
Merchant	14 (14)	13 (13)	27 (13.5)
Government worker	8 (8)	10 (10)	18 (9)
Daily laborer	2 (2)	14 (14)	16 (8)
Total	100 (100)	100 (100)	200 (100)
Residence
Urban	33 (44)	41 (41)	74 (37)
Rural	67 (56)	59 (59)	126 (63)
Total	100 (100)	100 (100)	200 (100)

Table 2 Prevalence of malaria parasite species and degree of parasitemia among malaria-infected patients (N=100) at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014

Variables	Plasmodium falciparum (%)	Plasmodium vivax (%)	Low (%)	Moderate (%)	High (%)
Sex
Male	54 (81.8)	24 (70.6)	30 (79.0)	40 (76.9)	8 (80.0)
Female	12 (18.2)	10 (29.4)	8 (21.0)	12 (23.1)	2 (20.0)
Age (years)
≤15	10 (15.2)	3 (8.8)	3 (7.9)	8 (15.4)	2 (20.0)
16–30	44 (66.7)	26 (76.5)	28 (73.7)	36 (69.2)	6 (60.0)
31–45	7 (10.6)	4 (11.8)	4 (10.5)	5 (9.6)	2 (20.0)
≥46	5 (7.6)	1 (2.9)	3 (7.9)	3 (5.8)	0 (0)
Total	66 (66.0)	34 (34.0)	38 (38.0)	52 (52.0)	10 (10.0)

Table 3 Lipid and hematological parameters among malaria-infected patients and control groups, at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014

Parameters	Malaria patients (mean 土 SD)	Control groups (mean 土 SD)	P-value
WBCs (×10^3/μL)	6.875±3.20	5.835±2.01	0.006*
Lymphocyte (%)	29.7±10.4	31.09±11.60	0.374
Mixed cell population (%)	13.2±6.7	12.8±5.4	0.671
Neutrophil (%)	63.1±8.7	56.0±12.7	0.000*
RBCs (×10^6/μL)	4.729±0.8	4.862±0.9	0.290
Hgb (gm/dL)	11.9±2.0	14.5±3.0	0.000*
Hct (%)	36.2±7.8	42.4±8.3	0.000*
Platelet (×10^3/μL)	175.3±136.0	193.4±81.9	0.000*
MCV (fl)	74.06±12.6	70.34±15.0	0.059
MCH (pg)	29.8±2.9	30.8±5.4	0.085
MCHC (gm/dL)	29.3±17.1	41.5±6.7	0.000*
HDL-c (mg/dL)	19.6±13.7	35.5±12.3	0.000*
LDL-c (mg/dL)	34.7±23.5	64.5±29.3	0.000*
VLDL-c (mg/dL)	23.8±12.4	22.0±8.2	0.224
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	118.0±61.3	101.7±36.8	0.023*
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	88.0±36.3	148.7±39.1	0.000*

Note:

* P<0.05 is statistically significant.

Abbreviations: Hct, hematocrit; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hgb, hemoglobin; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean cell volume; mixed cell population, basophil, eosinophil, and monocyte together in the analyzer reading; RBCs, red blood cells; SD, standard deviation; VLDL, very low-density lipoproteins; WBCs, white blood cells.

Table 4 Lipid and hematological parameters in different densities of malaria parasitemia among malaria patients (N=100) at Metema Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014

Parameter (mg/dL)	Low (n=32)	Moderate (n=52)	High (n=10)	P-value
Lipid parameters
HDL (mg/dL)	22.4±14.5	19.9±12.6	18.9±14.5	0.758
LDL (mg/dL)	30.7±9.7	24.5±3.9	21.2±2.9	0.406
VLDL (mg/dL)	24.3±8.1	24.3±14.4	24.3±14.1	0.894
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	115±51.4	120±71.2	119±42	0.939
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	107.6±43.4	93.4±41.6	81.1 ±28.9	0.068
WBC indices
TWBC (×10^3/μL)	6.25±2.4	7.28±3.4	7.12±4.4	0.310
Lymphocyte (%)	28.4±10.5	29.8±10.4	34.3±9.4	0.282
Mixed cell population (%)	13.2±3.0	13.4±8.7	12.3±3.2	0.887
Neutrophil (%)	61.8±8.9	60.4±11.1	64.6±8.0	0.203
RBC indices
Total RBC (×10^6/μL)	5.3±0.7	4.8±0.8	4.4±0.8	0.007*
Hgb (gm/dL)	13.4±3.0	11.6±1.8	11.9±1.8	0.013*
Hct (%)	40.1 ±8.5	36.7±7.0	34.5±8.2	0.103
MCV (fl)	72.6±14.5	76.2±10.6	74.1 ±7.2	0.311
MCH (pg)	30.4±2.7	29.4±3.0	29.8±2.5	0.216
MCHC (gm/dL)	32.9±170	31.9±152	26.2±188	0.188
Platelet (×10^3/μL)	227.1±131	186.8±175	156.9±100	0.027*

Notes:

* P<0.05 is statistically significant. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: Hct, hematocrit; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Hgb, hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean cell volume; mixed cell population, basophil, eosinophil, and monocyte together in the analyzer reading; RBC, red blood cell; TWBC, total white blood cells; VLDL, very low-density lipoproteins; WBC, white blood cell.