One-year outcomes in schizophrenia after switching from typical antipsychotics to olanzapine in Japan: an observational study

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics of outpatients and inpatients who switched from typical antipsychotic to olanzapine

Characteristic	Overall (n = 262)	Outpatients (n = 107)	Inpatients (n = 155)	P
Age (years), mean ± SD	46.9 ± 14.6	41.8 ± 13.5	50.5 ± 14.3	<0.001
Male (%)	51.9	46.7	55.5	0.16
Duration of illness (years), mean ± SD†	19.5 ± 14.4	14.1 ± 12.5	23.3 ± 14.4	<0.001
Any medical complications (%)	40.8	25.2	51.6	<0.001
Working for pay (%)‡	7.7	16.0	2.0	<0.001
CGI-SCH global, mean ± SD‡	3.3 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 1.1	<0.001
CGI-SCH positive, mean ± SD‡	2.7 ± 1.5	2.1 ± 1.3	3.1 ± 1.5	<0.001
CGI-SCH negative, mean ± SD‡	3.1 ± 1.3	2.9 ± 1.4	3.2 ± 1.3	0.06
CGI-SCH cognitive, mean ± SD‡	2.9 ± 1.3	2.7 ± 1.3	3.1 ± 1.4	0.02
CGI-SCH depressive, mean ± SD‡	1.7 ± 1.4	1.9 ± 1.4	1.5 ± 1.4	0.03
EQ-5D VAS, mean ± SD§	49.5 ± 22.7	46.6 ± 21.0	51.5 ± 23.7	0.10
BMI, mean ± SD¶	22.9 ± 4.4	23.4 ± 4.0	22.6 ± 4.5	0.15
BMI classification (%)				0.01
Underweight (<18.5)	15.4	6.5	20.9
Normal (≥18.5, ≤23)	40.7	47.3	36.5
Overweight (>23, ≤30)	36.5	40.9	33.8
Obese (>30)	7.5	5.4	8.8
Reason for switch from typical (%)				0.02
Insufficient efficacy	71.0	70.1	71.6
Medication intolerability	25.6	20.6	29.0
Patient request	5.7	10.3	2.6
Noncompliance	3.8	4.7	3.2

Notes: P values represent the contrast between inpatients and outpatients.

† n = 207;

‡ n = 259;

§ n = 257;

¶ n = 241.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CGI-SCH, Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia; EQ-5D VAS, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions visual analog scale; BMI, body mass index.

Table 2 Concomitant psychotropic medications at final study visit

	All patients	Outpatients	Inpatients	P
Anticholinergics	37.8%	29.3%	43.2%	0.03
Antidepressants	8.8%	12.0%	6.8%	0.18
Anxiolytics/hypnotics	72.3%	64.1%	77.4%	0.03
Mood stabilizers	18.9%	10.9%	24.0%	0.01
Other	53.4%	28.3%	69.2%	<0.001

Notes: P values represent the contrast between inpatients and outpatients; the other category included both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric medications.

Figure 1 Time to all-cause discontinuation of olanzapine for all patients, inpatients, and outpatients.

Note: There was no significant difference in time to all-cause discontinuation between the inpatient and outpatient cohorts (P = 0.61).

Figure 2 Change in CGI-SCH scores over the 1-year study period.

Notes: Each of the CGI-SCH subscale scores changed significantly from study entry to post-baseline visits (P < 0.001) for all patients, outpatients, and inpatients. *Significantly different at that visit (P < 0.05). Values represented the predicted means from mixed models for repeated-measures models that were adjusted for age, gender, duration of illness, and presence of any medical complication and may differ from the unadjusted baseline comparisons in Table 1.
Abbreviation: CGI-SCH, Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia.

Figure 3 Observed body weight during the 1-year study period.

Note: *Average inpatient and outpatient body weight was significantly different at that visit (P < 0.05).

Table 3 New onset of adverse events

Adverse events	All patients	Outpatients	Inpatients	P
Dystonia/akathisia/parkinsonism	5 (1.9%)	1 (0.9%)	4 (2.6%)	0.37
Tardive dyskinesia	2 (0.8%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.3%)	0.24
Decreased libido	4 (1.7%)	2 (2.1%)	2 (1.4%)	0.70
Amenorrhea/menstrual disturbance	3 (3.1%)	2 (4.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0.59
Gynecomastia	1 (0.8%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0.18
Erectile/sexual dysfunction	3 (1.3%)	2 (2.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0.38

Notes: P values represent the contrast between inpatients and outpatients; there were no cases of new-onset lactorrhea.