Influence of structured telephone follow-up on patient compliance with rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty

Figures & data

Figure 1 CONSORT diagram of the clinical trial.

Abbreviation: CONSORT, Consolidated Standards or Reporting Trials.

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study participants

Demographic	Intervention group	Control group	P-value
Age	66.18±3.59	67.05±4.05	0.191
Sex (n)			0.450
Male	30	25
Female	64	68
Level of education			0.122
Illiterate and primary school	40	43
Secondary school	45	39
Tertiary	9	11
Body mass index	31.44±7.02	29.85±7.56	0.093
Affected side, right	37 (39.36%)	41 (44.09%)	0.512
Hypertension	26 (27.66%)	24 (25.81%)	0.775
Cardiac problems	14 (14.89%)	16 (17.20%)	0.667
Pulmonary problems	4 (4.26%)	5 (5.38%)	0.747
Diabetes	19 (20.21%)	17 (18.28%)	0.737
Living alone	15 (15.96%)	13 (13.98%)	0.705
Total	94	93

Note: Statistically significant (P<0.05).

Table 2 Mean home-exercise times in the control and telephone follow-up groups

Variable	Intervention group	Control group	P-value
Days (n)	78.35±5.20	70.21±6.05	<0.01
Time (minutes)	54.12±5.71	48.95±7.21	<0.01

Note: Statistically significant (P<0.05).

Figure 2 Description of the variable scores 12 months after discharge.

Note: T₀ represent “before the operation” and T₁, T₂, T₃ represent 3, 6, 12 months after the operation, respectively.
Abbreviations: SF-36, Short Form-36; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; BDS, Beck Depression Scale.

Table 3 Patient-reported outcomes and active ROM before and after TKA

Variable	Before the operation (T0)	3 months (T1)	6 months (T2)	12 months (T3)	ANOVAF (P-value)	LSD post hoc test
Intervention group
ROM (°)
Active	73.5±11.9	86.7±9.6	101.3±10.6*	102.5±10.9*	<0.01	T3, T2>T1>T0
Passive	79.9±12.5	92.2±10.2	107.3±9.6**	108.1±9.4*	<0.01	T3, T2>T1>T0
WOMAC score
Stiffness	74.6±14.1	26.3±9.1	18.6±7.1	17.9±6.5	<0.01	T0>T1>T2, T3
Function	68.2±13.5	20.7±8.2	13.2±6.2	13.9±7.1*	<0.01	T0>T1>T3, T2
Pain (VAS)	72.2±12.4	16.1±6.2**	15.6±5.5	8.7±5.1	<0.01	T0>T1, T2>T3
Beck Depression Scale	17.2±9.1	8.1±2.7*	7.3±2.1	7.9±1.9	<0.01	T0>T1, T3, T2
SF-36
PCS	32.8±7.3	39.7±7.6	40.1±6.8	39.4±6.7	<0.01	T2, T1, T3>T0
MCS	45.6±8.4	55.9±6.7*	54.1±7.3*	52.5±7.5**	<0.01	T1, T2>T3>T0
Control group
ROM (°)
Active	74.8±12.8	85.7±10.2	95.1±10.2	94.1±10.9	<0.01	T2, T3>T1>T0
Passive	80.8±11.4	91.2±9.7	104.9±9.1	103.4±9.4	<0.01	T2, T3>T1>T0
WOMAC score
Stiffness	75.1±13.2	27.1±9.6	19.6±8.0	18.7±7.5	<0.01	T0>T1>T2, T3
Function	67.3±12.5	21.5±8.6	13.9±7.1	16.1±6.7	<0.01	T0>T1>T3>T2
Pain (VAS)	73.1±11.8	18.4±6.7	14.6±5.8	9.3±5.5	<0.01	T0>T1>T2>T3
Beck Depression Scale	16.4±9.3	11.3±3.1	8.0±2.3	7.8±2.1	<0.01	T0>T1>T2, T3
SF-36
PCS	33.7±8.6	39.2±6.8	38.8±6.5	39.7±7.1	<0.01	T3, T1, T2>T0
MCS	44.7±9.8	51.6±6.3	50.9±7.1	50.5±6.8	<0.01	T1, T2, T3>T0

Notes: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent samples t-test was performed to observe intergroup differences (between intervention and control groups).

* P<0.01 and

** P<0.05. One-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc test was used to assess differences in the intragroup.

Abbreviations: LSD, least significant difference; ROM, range of motion; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; SF-36, Short Form-36; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ANOVAF, one-way analysis of variance; TKA, total knee arthroplasty.

Table 4 Tests of inter-subject effects in a repeated measures analysis of variance

Variable	df	F	P-value
Active ROM	1	6.25	0.01
Passive ROM	1	1.61	0.21
Stiffness (WOMAC)	1	0.47	0.49
Function (WOMAC)	1	0.55	0.46
Pain (VAS)	1	1.08	0.30
Beck depression scale	1	0.88	0.45
PCS (SF-36)	1	0.10	0.75
MCS (SF-36)	1	4.63	0.03

Notes: A P-value <0.05 indicates statistical significance. (F) Represent the F-statistic.

Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; SF-36, Short Form-36; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; ROM, range of motion.