Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and desire for orthodontic treatment among Chinese undergraduate students

Figures & data

Table 1 The demographic characteristics of the participants

Demographic	n
Sex
Male	193
Female	181
Age, years
19–21	368
22–24	6
Region
Zhejiang province	191
Other provinces	183
IOTN-DHC grades
1–2	184
3	119
4–5	71
Total	374

Abbreviation: IOTN-DHC, dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need.

Table 2 Comparison of PIDAQ scores, IOTN-DHC grades, and desire between males and females

Variable	Male	Female	P-value
PIDAQ, mean	26.15±11.24	28.36±11.74	0.06
DSC	10.28±4.00	10.46±4.10	0.67
SI	6.43±3.64	7.18±3.44	0.04*
PI	6.26±3.36	7.13±3.76	0.02*
AC	3.18±1.52	3.50±1.67	0.06
IOTN-DHC, n			0.893
Grades 1–2	94	90
Grade 3	63	56
Grades 4–5	36	35
Desire, n			0.035*
0	56	40
1	39	34
2	60	55
3	21	29
4	17	23
Total	193	181

Notes: Student’s t-test was performed to observe sex differences in relation to PIDAQ scores. A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to observe sex differences in relation to IOTN-DHC grades or desire for orthodontic treatment.

* P<0.05. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: PIDAQ, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire; IOTN-DHC, dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need; DSC, dental self-confidence; SI, social impact; PI, psychological impact; AC, aesthetic concern.

Table 3 Comparison of total and subscale PIDAQ scores in each grade of desire

Variable	Desire for orthodontic treatment					ANOVA F
	0	1	2	3	4
PIDAQ total	14.54±3.57	20.85±3.96	29.37±4.02	40.26±4.45	46.82±6.52	582.88**
DSC	6.49±1.98	8.26±1.98	11.11+2.53	14.08±2.78	16.49±2.81	180.23**
SI	2.99±1.40	5.29±1.58	7.48±1.87	10.48±2.24	12.15±2.84	238.49**
PI	3.04±1.38	4.67±1.65	7.42± 1.79	10.66±2.43	11.95+2.32	263.87**
AC	2.02±1.26	2.63±1.59	3.29±1.62	5.04+1.61	6.23±2.34	64.80**

Notes: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with least significant difference post hoc test was used to assess PIDAQ scores intergroup.

** P<0.01. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Grades are measured with grade 4 representing the highest desire for treatment and grade I representing the least desire.

Abbreviations: PIDAQ, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire; DSC, dental self-confidence; SI, social impact; PI, psychological impact; AC, aesthetic concern.

Table 4 Comparison of IOTN-DHC grade in each grade of desire

IOTN-DHC	Desire for orthodontic treatment					Kruskal-Wallis F
	0	1	2	3	4
Grade 1–2	94 (97.92%)	48 (65.75%)	30 (26.09%)	10 (20.00%)	2 (5.00%)
Grade 3	2 (2.08%)	23 (31.51%)	70 (60.87%)	17 (34.00%)	7 (17.50%)
Grade 4–5	0 (0.00%)	2 (2.74%)	15 (13.04%)	23 (46.00%)	31 (97.92%)
Total	96 (100%)	73 (100%)	115 (100%)	50 (100%)	40 (77.5%)	190.44**

Notes: Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess IOTN-DHC grades intergroup.

** P<0.01. Grades are measured with grade 4 representing the highest desire for treatment and grade I representing the least desire.

Abbreviation: IOTN-DHC, dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need.

Table 5 Comparison of total and subscale PIDAQ scores in each grade of IOTN-DHC

Variable	IOTN-DHC			ANOVA F
	Grades 1–2	Grade 3	Grades 4–5
PIDAQ total	19.81±7.60	29.39±7.37	42.80±8.14	239.30**
DSC	8.17±3.02	10.75±2.92	15.40±3.21	147.68**
SI	4.59±2.41	7.67±2.61	11.04±2.92	170.74**
PI	4.49±2.46	7.67±2.82	10.67±2.92	140.09**
AC	2.54±1.55	3.40±1.81	5.55±2.67	72.68**

Notes: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with least significant difference post hoc test was used to assess PIDAQ scores intergroup.

** P<0.01. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: PIDAQ, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire; IOTN-DHC, dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need; DSC, dental self-confidence; SI, social impact; PI, psychological impact; AC, aesthetic concern.

Table 6 Spearman’s correlation coefficient among PIDAQ scores, IOTN-DHC, and desire

	IOTN	DSC	SI	PI	AC	PIDAQ
Desire	0.72**	0.81**	0.86**	0.87**	0.60**	0.93**
IOTN	–	0.62**	0.68**	0.67**	0.46**	0.72**

** Notes: P<0.01. Grades are measured with grade 4 representing the highest desire for treatment and grade 1 representing the least desire.

Abbreviations: PIDAQ, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire; IOTN-DHC, dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need; DSC, dental self-confidence; SI, social impact; PI, psychological impact; AC, aesthetic concern.