Development and application of culturally appropriate decision aids for smoking cessation in Korea: a pragmatic clustered randomization crossover trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study scheme.

Figure 2 The decision aid developed and used in the present study.

Note: Used with permission of HealthBreeze (animation Link https://youtu.be/E1s0qts9HTI; short URL http://goo.gl/LNmCA2).

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	Control (n=219)		Intervention (n=195)		Total (N=414)		P-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years), mean (SD)	48.4 (12.4)		48.0 (13.3)		48.2 (12.8)		0.763
Sex
Male	197	90.0	184	94.4	381	92.0	0.099
Female	22	10.1	11	5.6	33	8.0
Smoking
Amount of smoking per day, mean (SD)	17.6 (10.0)		16.8 (8.2)		17.2 (9.2)		0.388
Years of smoking, mean (SD)	25.6 (11.3)		24.5 (11.9)		25.1 (11.6)		0.315
Fagerstrom score, mean (SD)	3.3 (2.7)		3.5 (2.7)		3.4 (2.7)		0.408
Previous cessation attempt
Yes	169	77.2	141	72.3	310	74.9	0.255
Mean number of attempts (SD)	3.3 (3.6)		4.4 (9.3)		3.8 (6.8)		0.191
Unaided quit attempt	121	55.3	110	56.4	231	55.8	0.813
Nicotine replacement therapy	47	21.5	48	24.6	95	23.0	0.446
Prescription drug (bupropion, varenicline)	16	7.3	13	6.7	29	7.0	0.799
Public health center (smoking cessation counseling)	20	9.1	29	9.7	39	9.4	0.832
Quitline	2	0.9	3	1.5	5	1.2	0.561
Herbal medicine/acupuncture	12	5.5	9	4.6	21	5.1	0.689
No	50	22.8	54	27.7	104	25.1
Stages of change
Preparation stage	80	38.7	77	41.2	157	39.9	0.271
Contemplation stage	35	16.9	20	10.7	55	14.0
Precontemplation stage	79	38.2	73	39.0	152	38.6
Do not want to stop smoking at all	13	6.3	17	9.1	30	7.6
Motivation, mean (SD)a	6.8 (2.5)		6.4 (2.7)		6.6 (2.6)		0.118
Self-efficacy, mean (SD)a	6.3 (3.9)		6.2 (2.5)		6.3 (3.3)		0.795

Note:

a Motivation and self-efficacy for smoking cessation was assessed by a 10-point scale (1: not at all to 10: very much).

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Impact of the smoking cessation decision aid

	Control (n=219)		Intervention (n=195)		OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)a
	n	%	n	%
Medication prescribed within 1 month (medical record)b
Yes (prescribed)	23	10.5	23	11.8	1.09 (0.44–2.70)	1.02 (0.40–2.63)
No	196	89.5	172	88.2	1.00	1.00
Medication prescribed within 6 months (self-report)b
Yes	30	15.0	24	17.4	1.26 (0.68–2.35)	1.12 (0.59–2.13)
No	170	85.0	114	82.6	1.00	1.00
Smoking cessation after 6 months (self-report)
Yes	28	14.0	25	19.4	1.48 (0.82–2.67)	1.54 (0.83–2.87)
No	172	86.0	104	80.6	1.00	1.00
Smoking amount reduced after 6 months (self-report)
Yes	91	45.5	58	45.0	0.98 (0.62–1.56)	0.97 (0.59–1.57)
No	109	54.5	71	55.0	1.00	1.00

Notes:

a Each analysis was adjusted for age, sex, Fagerstrom score, number of smoking cessation attempts, smoking cessation stage, and confidence for smoking cessation.

b Medication includes nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.