Validation of the Japanese translation of the Dysphagia Handicap Index

Figures & data

Table 1 A comparison of the internal consistency reliability between the DHI-J and the DHI

Cronbach’s α	DHI-J	DHI
Total	0.95	0.94
Physical	0.83	0.78
Functional	0.89	0.91
Emotional	0.90	0.86
Test–retest reliability	0.98	0.83

Abbreviations: DHI-J, Japanese version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index; DHI, Dysphagia Handicap Index.

Figure 1 Relationship between DHI-J and the self-reported severity.

Notes: Spearman’s ρ between DHI-J and the self-reported severity was 0.85. There was a significant strong correlation between the two (P<0.01).
Abbreviation: DHI-J, Japanese version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index.

Table 2 Comparison of DHI-J scale scores between patient (n=229) and control (n=65) groups

DHI-J subscales	Total*	Physical*	Functional*	Emotional*
Median (IQR)
Patient	10 (2–24)	4 (0–10)	2 (0–8)	2 (0–8)
Control	2 (0–4)	2 (0–3)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)

Note:

* P<0.013 for all scales.

Abbreviation: DHI-J, Japanese version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 3 DHI-J scores according to the clinical severity of dysphagia based on VF results

Clinical severity	n	DHI-J scale (median)
		Median age (yr)	Totala	Physical	Functional	Emotional
Normalb	155	65	6	4	2	0
Moderate	36	64	17	6	6	4
Severe	38	72	30	10	11	10

Notes:

a The total score and score of each aspect of the DHI-J showed significant variability across the different groups for the severity of impairment of swallowing function (P<0.01 for all scales).

b Significant differences were found between the normal and moderately impaired groups and between the normal and severely impaired groups (P<0.017 for all scales).

Abbreviations: DHI-J, Japanese version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index; VF, videofluorography; yr, years.

Figure S1 Back translation of the Japanese translation of the Dysphagia Handicap Index.