Involvement in shared decision-making for patients in public specialist outpatient clinics in Hong Kong

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of respondents’ socioeconomic status

Variable	N=13,966	%	Involved in decision-making				P-value
			Yes	%	No	%
Gender							0.14
Male	5,936	42.5	3,424	57.7	2,512	42.3
Female	8,030	57.5	4,588	57.1	3,442	42.9
Case group							<0.001
New case	2,869	20.5	1,551	54.1	1,318	45.9
Old case	11,097	79.5	6,461	58.2	4,636	41.8
Age group (years)							<0.001
18–40	2,000	14.3	1,199	59.9	801	40.1
41–60	5,294	37.9	3,332	62.9	1,962	37.1
≥61	6,672	47.8	3,481	52.2	3,191	47.8
Educationa,b							<0.001
No education	1,330	9.6	670	50.4	660	49.6
Primary	3,745	26.9	1,956	52.2	1,789	47.8
Secondary	6,127	44.1	3,697	60.3	2,430	39.7
Postsecondary	904	6.5	529	58.5	375	41.5
Tertiary or above	1,794	12.9	1,129	62.9	665	37.1
Receive governmentallowance							<0.001
Yes	4,217	30.2	2,060	48.8	2,157	51.2
No	9,749	69.8	5,952	61.1	3,797	38.9
Current living status							<0.001
Live alone	716	5.1	336	46.9	380	53.1
Live with family/others	13,125	94.0	7,638	58.2	5,487	41.8
Live in institutionc	72	0.4	21	28.6	51	71.4
Refuse to answer	53	0.4	17	32.1	36	67.9
Current work status							<0.001
Retired	5,125	36.7	2,601	50.8	2,524	49.2
Unemploymentd	3,136	22.5	1,968	62.8	1,168	37.2
Employmente	5,645	40.4	3,411	60.4	2,234	39.6
Refuse to answer	60	0.4	32	53.3	28	46.7
Having longstanding condition							<0.001
Yes	7,495	53.7	3,980	53.1	3,515	46.9
No	6,471	46.3	4,032	62.3	2,439	37.7

Notes:

a No, no formal education/kindergarten, secondary included lower secondary= S.1–S.3 and upper secondary = S.4–S.5, and postsecondary included postsecondary and matriculation = S.6–S.7.

b There are 66 subjects who refused to answer, the total response of education is 13,900.

c Convalescent hospital/rehabilitation hospital/ hospital and old age home.

d Unemployment included unemployed, home maker, and full-time student.

e Employment included full-time worker and part-time worker.

Abbreviation: S, secondary.

Table 2 Predictors of patients’ involvement to make decision in univariate analysis

Variable	Coefficient	OR	95% CI (OR)	P-value
Gender
Male	0.022	1.02	0.96–1.09	0.52
Female		1
Case group
New case	−0.169	0.84	0.78–0.92	<0.001
Old case		1
Age group (years)
18–40	0.316	1.37	1.24–1.52	<0.001
41–60	0.443	1.56	1.45–1.68	<0.001
≥61		1
Education
No education	−0.513	0.59	0.51–0.69	<0.001
Primary	−0.442	0.64	0.57–0.72	<0.001
Secondary	−0.114	0.89	0.80–0.99	0.04
Postsecondary	−0.185	0.83	0.71–0.98	0.02
Tertiary or above		1
Allowance from government
Yes	−0.496	0.61	0.57–0.65	<0.001
No		1
Current living status
Live alone	0.764	2.15	1.24–3.64	0.005
Live with family/others	1.218	3.38	2.03–5.63	<0.001
Live in institutiona		1
Current work status
Retired	−0.393	0.67	0.62–0.73	<0.001
Unemployment	0.099	1.10	1.01–1.21	0.03
Employmentb		1
Having longstanding condition
Yes	−0.378	0.68	0.64–0.73	<0.001
No		1

Note:

a includes convalescent hospital/rehabilitation hospital/hospital.

b Includes both full-time and part-time.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval, OR, odds ratio.

Table 3 The relationship among patients’ attitude to be involved in decision-making, health status, and satisfaction

Variable	Model 1, patient’s satisfaction					Model 2, self-reported health status
	Mean	P-value	B	95% CI	P-value	Good, n	Poor, n	Coefficient	OR	95% CI	P-value
Constant			7.412	7.36–7.47	<0.001			−2.215			<0.001
Involved and wanting less involvement	7.37	<0.001				3,235	353		1
Involved and wanting more involvement	7.94					4,199	225	−0.711	0.49	0.41–0.58	<0.001
Not involved and not wanting to be involved	7.11					1,198	197	0.410	1.51	1.25–1.81	<0.001
Not involved but wanting to be involved	7.93					4,149	410	−0.099	0.91	0.78–0.99	<0.05

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.