Adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications and factors associated for hypertensive patients attending chronic follow-up units of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Adherence to lifestyle recommendations among hypertensive patients attending chronic follow-up units of public health hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016 (n=404)

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Adherence to lifestyle modifications
Adherent	93	23.0
Nonadherent	311	77.0
Diet-related adherence
Adherent	277	69.1
Nonadherent	127	30.9
Exercise-related adherence
Adherent	127	31.4
Nonadherent	277	68.6
Smoking
Ceased	347	85.9
Did not cease	57	14.1
Alcohol consumption
Moderated	302	74.8
Not moderated	102	25.2

Figure 1 Percentage of respondents’ adherence to the types of lifestyle recommendations in public health hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.

Note: Adherences refer to diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Table 2 Response of participants on diet-related recommendations in chronic follow-up units of public health hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016 (n=404)

Variables	Never	Rarely	Usually	Always
How often do you include fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans in your diet after diagnosis?	7 (1.7%)	113 (28%)	240 (59.4%)	44 (10.9%)
How often do you consume foods that contain high saturated fat?	85 (21%)	299 (74%)	18 (4.5%)	2 (0.5%)
How often do you consume spicy foods since being diagnosed?	66 (16.3%)	192 (47.5%)	131 (32.4%)	15 (3.7%)
How often do you consume salt in your food?	19 (4.7%)	31 (7.7%)	109 (27%)	245 (60.6%)

Table 3 Response of participants on exercise-related issues in chronic follow-up units of public health hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Do you perform physical exercise at all?
Yes	141	65.1
No	263	34.9
How often do you exercise?
<3 times per week	14	9.9
≥3 times per week	127	90.1
For how long do you exercise per session?
<30 min per day	13	9.2
≥30 min per day	126	90.8

Figure 2 Types of activities performed by respondents attending chronic follow-up units of public health hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.

Table 4 Response of participants on cigarette smoking among hypertensive patients attending chronic follow-up units of public health hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Have you ever smoked cigarettes?
Yes	139	34.4
No	265	65.6
Do you still smoke cigarettes?
Yes	57	41
No	82	59
Have you tried to quit smoking?
Yes	31	54.4
No	26	45.6

Table 5 Association of adherence to lifestyle modifications by selected characteristics, among hypertensive patients in public health hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016

Variables	Lifestyle adherence		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Adherent N (%)	Nonadherent N (%)
Sex
Male	164 (52.7)	46 (49.5)	1.00	1.00
Female	147 (47.3)	47 (50.5)	1.14 (0.72, 1.81)	2.290 (1.10, 4.75)*
Age, years
21–39	5 (5.4)	28 (9)		1.00
40–59	61 (65.6)	177 (56.9)	1.93 (0.71, 5.22)	2.24 (0.62, 8.06)
>60	27 (29.0)	106 (34.1)	1.43 (0.50, 4.04)	5.72 (1.16, 28.13)*
Marital status
Not cohabited	20 (21.5)	128 (41.2)	1.00	1.00
Cohabited	73 (78.5)	183 (58.8)	2.553 (1.482, 4.40)	1.23 (0.58, 2.62)
Education
No formal education	8 (8.6)	135 (43.4)	1.00	1.00
Formal education	85 (91.4)	176 (56.6)	8.15 (3.82, 17.40)	2.19 (0.63, 7.62)
Work status
Employed	78 (83.9)	179 (57.6)	1.00	1.00
Unemployed	15 (16.1)	132 (42.4)	0.26 (0.14, 0.47)	0.18 (0.05, 0.60)*
Time since diagnosis
<2 years	3 (3.2)	46 (14.8)	1.00	1.00
2–4 years	45 (48.4)	112 (36.0)	6.16 (1.82, 20.88)	7.14 (1.56, 32.78)
≥4 years	45 (48.4)	153 (49.2)	4.51 (1.34, 15.19)	4.59 (1.00, 20.97)*
Comorbidities
Yes	69 (74.2)	155 (49.8)	1.00	1.00
No	24 (25.8)	156 (50.2)	0.35 (0.21, 0.58)	0.24 (0.11, 0.50)**
Knowledge
Poor knowledge	4 (4.3)	171 (55.0)	1.00	1.00
Good knowledge	89 (95.7)	140 (45.0)	27.18 (9.738, 75.85)	13.26 (4.12, 42.71)**
Self efficacy
Good efficacy	11 (11.8)	139 (44.7)	1.00	1.00
Poor efficacy	82 (88.2)	172 (55.3)	6.02 (3.09, 11.75)	3.92 (1.61, 9.56)*
Social support
Not supported	9 (9.7)	191 (61.4)	1.00	1.00
Supported	84 (90.3)	120 (38.6)	14.86 (7.20, 30.65)	10.70 (4.59, 24.96)**

Notes:

* AOR is statistically significant at P<0.05,

** AOR is statistically significant at P<0.001.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.