Recovery in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD): results of a 6-month, multinational, observational study

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics at study entry (baseline)

Baseline characteristic	n	%
Age, mean (SD), years	38.0 (10.6)
Gender
Male	566	43.64
Female	731	56.36
Independent living	214	16.50
Marital status
Married, living together	853	65.77
Never married	157	12.10
Other	287	22.13
Educational attainment
≤ Primary school	107	8.25
Secondary school/occupational program	572	44.10
≥ University	618	47.65
Employment status
Full-time	718	55.36
Economically inactive	338	26.06
Unemployed/part-time	241	18.58
Had MDD episode in last 24 months	844	65.07
Number of comorbidities (psychiatric and medical)
None	955	74.03
1	258	20.00
>1	77	5.97
Painful physical symptoms	680	52.47
Adherence (at visit 2–8 weeks)	803	68.5
IID total score, mean (SD)	35.54 (7.09)
CGI-S score, mean (SD)	4.54 (0.68)
QIDS-SR16 score, mean (SD)	14.65 (4.53)
SDS score, mean (SD)	17.78 (6.36)

Note: Data are presented as percentage or mean (standard deviation) as appropriate.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MDD, major depressive disorder; CGI-S, Global Impressions of Severity; QIDS-SR₁₆, 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; IID, Integral Inventory for Depression.

Figure 1 Proportion of patients with (A) clinical remission, (B) functional remission and (C) recovery during follow-up based on total patients at baseline.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients who did and did not achieve recovery at some point during follow-up

Baseline characteristic	Recovery (n=668)	No recovery (n=614)	p-value
Age, mean (SD), years	37.70 (10.07)	38.25 (11.00)	0.5710
Gender, %			0.0295
Male	40.9	46.9
Female	59.1	53.1
Independent living, %			0.8735
Yes	16.6	16.3
No	83.4	83.7
Marital status, %			0.0190
Married, living together	69.5	62.4
Never married	11.7	12.9
Other	18.9	24.8
Educational attainment, %			0.0075
≤ Primary school	6.3	9.4
Secondary school/occupational program	42.1	46.7
≥ University	51.6	43.8
Employment status, %			0.0664
Full-time	57.2	54.6
Economically inactive	26.9	24.6
Unemployed/part-time	15.9	20.8
Age at first episode of MDD, mean (SD), years	34.45 (10.63)	32.97 (11.82)	0.0023
Had MDD episode in last 24 months, %	59.7	70.7	<0.001
Number of comorbidities (psychiatric and medical), %			<0.001
None	79.6	69.0
1	18.2	21.3
>1	2.3	9.7
Painful physical symptoms, %	49.6	55.5	0.0342
Adherence (at visit 2–8 weeks), %	77.3	57.4	<0.001
CGI-S, mean (SD)	4.57 (0.70)	4.51 (0.65)	0.2304
QIDS-SR16, mean (SD)	14.43 (4.14)	14.73 (4.81)	0.4771
SDS, mean (SD)	17.20 (6.17)	18.26 (6.46)	0.0008

Note: Data are presented as percentage or mean (standard deviation) as appropriate.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MDD, major depressive disorder; CGI-S, Global Impressions of Severity; QIDS-SR₁₆, 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale.

Table 3 Baseline factors associated with recovery during follow-up

Variables	Adjusted OR (95% CI)*	p-value
Higher QIDS-SR16 score	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.945
Higher SDS score	0.95 (0.93–0.97)	<0.001
Being older	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.795
Being male (vs female)	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	0.947
Weeks (vs 8)
16	3.88 (3.28–4.58)	<0.001
24	8.59 (7.07–10.45)	<0.001
Educational attainment (vs ≥ university)
Secondary school/occupational program	0.76 (0.61–0.95)	0.016
≤ Primary school	0.52 (0.33–0.83)	0.006
Having had MDD episodes in the past	0.83 (0.66–1.04)	0.107
24 months (vs not)
Having significant comorbidities at baseline
1	0.70 (0.53–0.92)	0.011
>1	0.26 (0.14–0.48)	<0.001
Having painful physical symptoms	0.97 (0.78–1.21)	0.776
Being nonadherent to treatment at week 8	0.52 (0.41–0.67)	<0.001

Note:

* This logistic regression model with repeated measures included recovery as a time-varying variable during follow-up and also adjusted for region and baseline treatment.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; MDD, major depressive disorder; QIDS-SR₁₆, 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale.

Table S1 The list of Ethical Review Boards (ERBs) for the B1J-MC-B019 observational study

Country	ERB
Austria	Ethikkommission für das Bundesland Salzburg
China	First Medical College of Haerbin University
	People’s Hospital of Wuhan University
	Second Hospital of Soochow University
	Shandong Mental Health Center
	Sixth University of Beijing University
	Guangzhou First People’s Hospital
	Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University
Hong Kong	Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong
	West Cluster
Israel	Sheba MC
	Shalvata Hospital
	Rambam MC
	Abarbanel Hospital
	Soroka MC
Malaysia	Medical Ethics Committee, Universiti Malaya
	Medical Centre
Mexico	Mexico Centre for Clinical Research Mexico
	Centre for Clinical Research SA de CV
Philippines	Makati Medical Institutional Review Board,
	Makati, Luzon
	The Medical City Institutional Review Board,
	Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City, Metro Manila
	St Luke’s Institutional Ethics Review
	Committee, Quezon City, Luzon
Saudi Arabia	Medicare Specialist Clinics, Riyadh
Singapore	National Healthcare Group Domain Specific
	Review Board
Taiwan	Joint Institutional Review Board, Taipei
	National Taiwan University Hospital
	Research Ethics Committee, Taipei
	Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service
	General Hospital, Taipei
Thailand	Srithanya Hospital, Nontaburi
United Arab Emirates	Psychiatry Hospital Abu Bhabi, Abu Dhabi