Impact of intensive nutritional education with carbohydrate counting on diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient laboratory values

	Patient 1			Patient 2				Patient 3		Patient 4
	Baseline	3 months	9 months	Baseline	3 months	6 months	1 year	Baseline	1 year	Baseline	6 months	1 year
HbA1c	9.1	7.2	9.5	10.3	8.0	9.0	8.1	9.7	7.4	13.0	14.5	8.7
Total cholesterol	159	148	165	119	120	108	123	218	134	206	225	–
HDL	49	49	49	59	43	51	56	33	44	40	42	–
LDL	88	80	103	52	67	48	57	137	63	128	164	–
Triglycerides	108	93	65	41	48	44	49	242	136	192	96	–
Preprandial glucose	277	180	240	277	198	225	196	178	179	271	255	156
Postprandial glucose	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	192

Notes: Hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_lc), total cholesterol, high density lipoportein (HDL), low-density lipopatein (LDL), triglycerides, preprandial and postprandial glucose levels at baseline (0 month) and at various follow-up marks. No participant reported postprandial glucose readings.

Table 2 Survey results

	Baseline (0 month)					3-Month follow-up
	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly agree	Strongly disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly agree
1. Overall, do you feel healthy?	–	I	I1	III2	I	–	–	–	I1I2	–
2. You feel you have enough energy to go about your daily activities	–	I1	II2	II	I	–	–	I1I2	–	–
3. You feel you have good control over your diabetes	I1	III2	II	–	–	–	–	I1I2	–	–
4. You feel self-empowered and self-motivated to take control of your diabetes	–	–	–	IIII1	I2	–	–	–	I1I2	–
5. You feel controlling your diet by carbohydrate counting is an easy way to manage your diabetes	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	I1I2	–
6. You continue to count carbohydrates	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	I1I2	–

Notes: Results from the surveys to assess for overall well-being at baseline and at the 3-month mark following the intervention phase. Results at baseline indicate answers for all six study participants, and results at the 3-month follow-up were only able to be obtained from two of the three patients seeing the study through the intervention and 3 month follow-up mark.

Key: I, represents one study participant,

1 represents patient 1,

2 represents patient 2.

Table

Log Book	Date __________
Fasting Blood Sugar __________

Table

Meal	Preprandial sugar (Premeal sugar)	Carbohydrates	Postprandial Sugar (Postmeal sugar)	Energy Level
Breakfast				0 2 4 6 8
Lunch				0 2 4 6 8
Dinner				0 2 4 6 8
Snack #1				0 2 4 6 8
Snack #2				0 2 4 6 8

Energy Level Key

0 = very fatigued; 2 = moderately fatigued; 4 = average; 6 = moderately energized; 8 = energized

Table

1) Overall, do you feel healthy?
Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
2) You feel you have enough energy to go about your daily activities.
Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
3) You feel that you have good control of your diabetes.
Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
4) You feel self-empowered and self-motivated to take control of your diabetes.
Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
*Statement added to survey for the monthly office visits during the intensive intervention phase of the study:
5) You feel controlling your diet by carbohydrate counting is an easy way to manage your diabetes.
Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
*Statement added for the 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals following the intervention:
6) You continue to count carbohydrates.
Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree