Antibiotic use for pneumonia among children under-five at a pediatric hospital in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of hospitalized pneumonia children in a private pediatric hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, November, 2012

Variables (N=80)	n (%)
Age of participants according to WHO classification for
Pneumonia, months
0–2	18 (22.5)
3–12	33 (41.3)
13–59	29 (36.3)
Age of participants in months* median (IQR)	8.5 (3–16)
Sex
Male	58 (72.5)
Female	22 (27.5)
Nutritional status (n=79)a
Not underweight	24 (30.3)
Underweight	28 (35.4)
Moderately underweight	14 (17.7)
Severely underweight	13 (16.5)
Monthly income of parents of the participants, BDT
<15,000	38 (47.5)
15–25,000	22 (27.5)
>25,000	20 (25.0)
Caregivers of participants
Mothers	69 (86.4)
Fathers	10 (12.5)
Others	1 (1.3)
Residence of participants
Dhaka	57 (71.3)
Outside of Dhaka	23 (28.7)
Vaccination (n=67)b	67 (83.7)
Status of vaccination (n=67)b
Complete	36 (53.7)
Age appropriate	31 (46.3)
Exclusive breast feeding	33 (41.3)
Exclusive breast feeding in months (n=33)* median (IQR)	3 (2–6)

Notes:

* Median and interquartile range (IQR) are mentioned for continuous variable.

a For one participant, weight-for-age Z score cannot be calculated as the weight was extremely high according to age.

b Status of vaccination among vaccinated children.

Abbreviation: BDT, Bangladeshi taka.

Figure 1 Use of antibiotics by the hospital physicians among the hospitalized pneumonia children in a private pediatric teaching hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, November, 2012.

Figure 2 Antibiotics used before hospitalization among the hospitalized pneumonia children in a private pediatric teaching hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, November, 2012.

Figure 3 Difference in using antibiotics for treating severe pneumonia and very severe pneumonia in hospital among the hospitalized pneumonia pediatric patients in a private pediatric teaching Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, November, 2012.

Table 2 Association of antibiotic use with demographic information, history of illness, and clinical findings of the patients admitted with pneumonia in a private pediatric teaching hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, November, 2012

Name of antibiotics	Variable regarding demographic information, history of illness, and clinical findings	Use of different antibiotics n (%)	P trend*
Ceftriaxone	Age of the children
	0–2 months	1 (2.5)
	3–12 months	15 (37.5)	<0.001
	13–59 months	24 (60.0)
Cefotaxime + amikacin	Age of the children
	0–2 months	5 (35.7)
	3–12 months	9 (64.3)	0.01
	13–59 months	0 (0.0)
Ceftazidime + amikacin	Respiratory auscultation findings
	Crepitation	6 (100.0)	0.04
	Rhonchi	0 (0.0)
	Crepitation with rhonchi	0 (0.0)
Cefuroxime	Chief complaints reported by guardians
	Breathlessness	4 (57.1)
	Cold	2 (28.6)
	Crying	1 (14.3)
	Cough	0 (0.0)	0.01
	Fast breathing	0 (0.0)
	Fever	0 (0.0)
	Reluctant to take food	0 (0.0)
	Chest indrawing	0 (0.0)
	Comorbidities
	No other disease	4 (57.1)
	Childhood obesity	1 (14.3)
	Cerebral palsy	1 (14.3)
	Febrile convulsion	1 (14.3)	0.01
	Acute gastroenteritis	0 (0.0)
	Enteric fever	0 (0.0)
	Septicemia	0 (0.0)
	Asthma	0 (0.0)

Notes:

* Pearson’s chi-square was used for bivariate analysis. The result is not significant at P>0.05.