A new pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance strategy through home-visiting and phone contact in COPD

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of participants throughout the study.

Abbreviation: PR, pulmonary rehabilitation.

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants at baseline

Variable	UC (n=69)	PRMG (n=82)	p-value
Age (years)	66.0±9.3	65.1±8.7	0.194
Male sex	55 (80)	71 (87)	0.279
Single (Y/N)	5/63	8/74	0.772
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.2±2.3	22.9±2.1	0.171
ADLs	17.0±3.6	17.2±3.7	0.742
Education (years)	8.7±3.2	8.7±2.8	0.921
Smoking (pack years)	35.6±13.4	36.7±15.3	0.634
FEV1 (L)	1.14±0.32	1.12±0.33	0.703
FEV1 %	49.2±11.0	48.7±11.7	0.780
FVC (L)	2.26±0.45	2.30±0.40	0.581
FEV1/FVC%	50.6±10.5	48.7±11.3	0.307

Notes: For categorical variables, the results are expressed as number (percentage); for continuous variables, the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: UC, usual care; PRMG, pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance group; BMI, body mass index; ADLs, activities of daily living; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of participants in two groups before and after PR (baseline)

Variable	UC (n=69)			PRMG (n=82)
	Pre-PR	Post-PR	p-value	Pre-PR	Post-PR	p-value
BMI	24.4±2.02a	24.4±2.04b	0.296	24.0±2.03	24.0±2.02	0.152
ADLs	17.0±3.6a	16.9±3.6b	0.536	17.2±3.7	17.3±3.8	0.346
6MWT	385±35.1a	416±38b	<0.001*	380±38.6	413±58.8	<0.001*
CAT	20.1±7.7a	15.9±7.9b	<0.001*	21.2±7.3	17.6±7.1	<0.001*
mMRC	2.6±0.9a	2.1±0.9b	<0.001*	2.7±0.8	2.2±1.0	<0.001*
BDI	8.4±4.4a	7.8±4.4b	<0.001*	8.4±5.3	8.0±5.4	<0.001*
SAI	37.1±11.7a	35.1±12.2b	<0.001*	38.9±9.6	36.8±9.9	<0.001*
TAI	42.4±11.8a	40.4±12.0b	<0.001*	43.7±9.9	40.9±10.0	<0.001*
FEV1	1.14±0.32a	1.13±0.37b	0.858	1.12±0.33	1.12±0.36	0.711
FEV1 %	49.2±11a	49.1±11.1b	0.565	48.7±11.7	49.2±12.2	0.206
FVC	2.26±0.45a	2.32±0.51b	0.200	2.30±0.40	2.30±0.49	0.386
FEV1/FVC	50.5±10.5a	48.8±10.3b	0.001*	48.7±11.2	49.5±11.4	0.001*

Notes:

a The difference between UC and PRMG was not significant pre-PR.

b The difference between UC and PRMG was not significant pre-PR. For continuous variables, the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

* p-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: UC, usual care; PRMG, pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance group; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; BMI, body mass index; ADLs, activities of daily living; 6MWT, 6-minute walking test; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; SAI, State Anxiety Inventory; TAI, Trait Anxiety Inventory; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Figure 2 The patterns of 6MWT, mMRC, and COPD assessment during 1-year follow-up between groups.

Notes: (A) The patterns of 6MWT during 1-year follow-up between groups. (B) The patterns of COPD assessment during 1-year follow-up between groups. (C) The patterns of mMRC assessment during 1-year follow-up between groups. Data shown are mean values with error bars representing SE. Hollow circles express control groups, while solid circles express pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance group. 0 month expresses the time point when patients finished the pulmonary rehabilitation program. *Significant differences between groups at different time points (p<0.05).
Abbreviations: 6MWT, 6-minute walking test; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scale; SE, standard error; CAT, COPD assessment test; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation.

Table 3 Analysis of changes in emotional function over 1-year follow-up

	Month 3		Month 6		Month 9		Month 12		Time	Group × time
	UC (n=62)	PRMG (n=76)	UC (n=55)	PRMG (n=71)	UC (n=48)	PRMG (n=69)	UC (n=43)	PRMG (n=61)	p-value▲	p-value▾
BDI	7.4±4.3	8.0±5.7	7.1±4.4	8.1±5.7	7.3±4.5	7.8±5.6	7.5±4.6	8.1±5.7	<0.001*	0.161
SAI	34.9±14	37.9±11.4	34.1±13.3	37.3±11.3	34.6±13	37.3±10.9	34.6±13.1	37.4±10.7	0.002*	0.610
TAI	41.8±12.5	41.9±11.2	41.4±12.3	41.3±10.7	41.6±12.1	41.2±10.7	41.6±12.1	41.2±10.7	<0.001*	0.531

Notes: For continuous variables, the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

* p-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.

▲ p-values for tests of time effect for all time points of both groups.

▾ p-values for tests of time by group interaction.

Abbreviations: UC, usual care; PRMG, pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance group; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; SAI, State Anxiety Inventory; TAI, Trait Anxiety Inventory.