Tendency to adhere to provider-recommended treatments and subsequent pain severity among individuals with cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1 Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) general adherence measure items. Items 2, 4, and 5 were reverse coded.

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

Characteristic	N = 224
Age, years, mean (SD)	58.7 (9.5)
Minority, %	28.1
Female, %	77.7
Education, years completed, %
≤12	29.0
13–15	29.9
≥16	41.1
Living with a partner, %	62.1
Experimental group, %	50.9
Study site
Site 1	49.6
Site 2	47.8
Site 3	2.7
Cancer type, %
Breast	55.8
Lung	18.3
Other	25.9
Metastatic disease, %	56.3
Cancer treatment status, %
Chemotherapy
Current or scheduled to begin within 2 weeks	33.0
Previous	51.3
None/unknown	15.6
Hormonal therapy
Current or scheduled to begin within 2 weeks	36.2
Previous	10.3
None/unknown	53.6
Radiotherapy
Current or scheduled to begin within 2 weeks	8.0
Previous	51.3
None/unknown	40.6
Surgical therapy
Scheduled to receive within 3 months	0.4
Previous	81.7
None/unknown	17.9
Health status, mean (SD)
Physical (PCS-12)	32.6 (8.8)
Mental (MCS-12)	44.3 (10.1)
Pain control self-efficacy, mean (SD)	3.1 (1.0)
MOS General Adherence score, mean (SD)
Enrollment	5.1 (1.0)
6 weeks	5.2 (1.0)
Pain severity, mean (SD)
Enrollment	6.6 (1.8)
Pre-intervention	6.4 (2.0)
Post-intervention	6.3 (2.0)
Post-visit	6.3 (2.0)
2 weeks	6.2 (2.1)
6 weeks	5.9 (2.2)
12 weeks	5.7 (2.4)

Abbreviations: MCS-12, Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary; MOS, Medical Outcomes Study; PCS-12, Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Relationship between participant characteristics and follow-up pain severity

Characteristic	Model 1 parameter estimatea (95% CI)	P value	Model 2 parameter estimatea (95% CI)	P value
Adherence	−0.20 (−0.38, −0.03)	0.02	−0.14 (−0.31, 0.04)	0.12
Age	0.06 (−0.12, 0.23)	0.52	0.03 (−0.14, 0.20)	0.72
Racial/ethnic minority	0.05 (−0.31, 0.41)	0.79	0.04 (−0.30, 0.39)	0.81
Female	0.12 (−0.28, 0.52)	0.56	0.13 (−0.34, 0.61)	0.58
Education (ref = high school or less)
Some college	0.18 (−0.24, 0.61)	0.40	0.15 (−0.26, 0.56)	0.47
College graduate	−0.25 (−0.65, 0.15)	0.21	−0.23 (−0.62, 0.16)	0.25
Experimental group	−0.10 (−0.42, 0.22)	0.54	−0.04 (−0.35, 0.28)	0.82
Study site (ref = site 1)
Site 2	−0.16 (−0.49, 0.16)	0.32	−0.28 (−0.59, 0.04)	0.09
Site 3	0.18 (−0.82, 1.18)	0.72	0.42 (−0.57, 1.40)	0.41
Pain measurement time point (ref = pre-intervention)
Post-intervention	−0.11 (−0.33, 0.12)	0.35	−0.11 (−0.33, 0.12)	0.35
Post-visit	−0.13 (−0.35, 0.09)	0.26	−0.13 (−0.35, 0.09)	0.26
2 weeks	−0.18 (−0.40, 0.05)	0.12	−0.18 (−0.41, 0.05)	0.12
6 weeks	−0.42 (−0.65, −0.19)	<0.01	−0.42 (−0.64, −0.19)	<0.01
12 weeks	−0.61 (−0.84, −0.38)	<0.01	−0.61 (−0.84, −0.38)	<0.01
Baseline pain severity	0.73 (0.64, 0.82)	<0.01	0.64 (0.54, 0.73)	<0.01
Cancer type (ref = breast)
Lung			−0.13 (−0.59, 0.33)	0.57
All others			−0.16 (−0.62, 0.30)	0.51
Metastatic disease			0.32 (−0.03, 0.67)	0.07
Living with partner			−0.18 (−0.51, 0.14)	0.27
PCS-12			−0.04 (−0.06, −0.02)	<0.01
MCS-12			−0.02 (−0.03, −0.00)	0.05
Pain control self-efficacy			−0.01 (−0.19, 0.17)	0.92

Note:

a Parameter estimates are the estimated regression coefficients from a mixed effects multiple linear regression model.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MCS-12, Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary; PCS-12, Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary; ref, analytic reference.