Caregivers’ misperception of the severity of hip fractures

Figures & data

Table 1 The three BRASS risk categories

Score	Meaning
Low risk 0–10	Patient at low risk of postdischarge problems
Medium risk 11–19	Patient at medium risk of difficult discharge from hospital because of problems related to complex clinical situations requiring institutional care
High risk ≥20	Patient at high risk of difficult discharge from hospital because of substantial problems requiring continuity of inpatient treatment and care

Abbreviation: BRASS, Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score.

Figure 1 Bland–Altman plot differences in values assigned during compilation of the BRASS questionnaire vs the average score.

Abbreviation: BRASS, Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score.

Table 2 Agreement between the values assigned by the clinicians and the caregivers on BRASS questionnaire

Variable	Weighted Cohen’s kappa (95% CI)
Total BRASS	0.69 (0.58 to 0.79)
Age	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)
Behavior pattern: wandering	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)
Living situation/social support	0.85 (0.74 to 0.95)
Dependent in: toileting	0.85 (0.74 to 0.96)
Number of drugs	0.84 (0.78 to 0.90)
Dependent in: bathing/grooming	0.80 (0.69 to 0.91)
Dependent in: eating/feeding	0.76 (0.59 to 0.93)
Dependent in: meal preparation	0.74 (0.62 to 0.86)
Sensory deficits	0.73 (0.63 to 0.82)
Dependent in: transferring	0.68 (0.55 to 0.81)
Mobility	0.68 (0.53 to 0.82)
Cognition	0.65 (0.50 to 0.79)
Number of previous admissions/emergency room visits	0.65 (0.44 to 0.86)
Behavior pattern: confused	0.63 (0.49 to 0.77)
Dependent in: incontinent of bowel function	0.60 (0.39 to 0.82)
Dependent in: incontinent of bladder function	0.59 (0.44 to 0.74)
Dependent in: responsible for own medication administration	0.57 (0.44 to 0.70)
Dependent in: grocery shopping	0.57 (0.44 to 0.69)
Dependent in: handling own finances	0.51 (0.37 to 0.66)
Behavior pattern: other	0.49 (−0.11 to 1.00)
Dependent in: transportation	0.42 (0.30 to 0.54)
Number of active medical problems	0.42 (0.27 to 0.56)
Behavior pattern: agitated	0.26 (0.01 to 0.51)

Abbreviation: BRASS, Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score.

Table 3 Joint distribution of the overall BRASS score assigned by the doctors and the caregivers (KW=0.69)

Caregiver	Low risk (0–10)	Medium risk (11–19)	High risk (≥20)
Doctor
Low risk (0–10)	60	2	0
Medium risk (11–19)	29	29	1
High risk (≥20)	2	7	14

Note: Numbers of concordant evaluations between those made by the doctors and the caregivers are given in bold.

Abbreviation: BRASS, Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score.

Table 4 Joint distribution of the BRASS score assigned by the doctors and the caregivers for social, cognitive, and mobility status

Living situation/social support (kappa=0.85)	Only with spouse	With family	Alone with family support	Alone with friends’ support	Alone with no support	Nursing home/residential care
Caregiver
Doctor
Only with spouse	27	1	1	0	0	0
With family	1	52	3	0	0	0
Alone with family support	1	4	25	1	1	0
Alone with friends’ support	0	0	3	3	0	0
Alone with no support	2	1	0	4	12	0
Nursing home/residential care	0	0	0	0	0	2

Cognition (kappa=0.65)	Oriented	Disoriented to some spheres some of the time	Disoriented to some spheres all the time	Disoriented to all spheres some of the time	Disoriented to all spheres all the time
Caregiver
Doctor
Oriented	51	5	0	0	0
Disoriented to some spheres some of the time	27	34	1	0	0
Disoriented to some spheres all the time	4	7	3	0	1
Disoriented to all spheres some of the time	1	2	1	1	0
Disoriented to all spheres all the time	0	2	0	0	4

Mobility (kappa=0.68)	Ambulatory	Ambulatory with mechanical assistance	Ambulatory with human assistance	Nonambulatory
Caregiver
Doctor
Ambulatory	63	2	0	2
Ambulatory with mechanical assistance	16	38	4	3
Ambulatory with human assistance	1	1	9	1
Nonambulatory	0	1	0	3

Note: Numbers of concordant evaluations between those made by the doctors and the caregivers are given in bold.

Abbreviation: BRASS, Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score.