Effect of a Health Belief Model-based education program on patients’ belief, physical activity, and serum uric acid: a randomized controlled trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the progress through the phases of the randomized trial.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the interventional and control groups

Variable	Intervention, N (%)	Control, N (%)	p-value
Age, years	59.7 (6.0)	60.4 (6.0)	0.421
Gender			0.186
Male	76 (78.4)	83 (86.5)
Female	21 (21.6)	13 (13.5)
Educational level			0.746
Primary school	40 (41.2)	43 (44.8)
Middle school or vocational school	40 (41.2)	40 (41.7)
Junior college or above	17 (17.6)	13 (13.5)
Marital status			0.604
Married	89 (91.8)	86 (89.6)
Single/widowed/divorced	8 (8.2)	10 (10.4)
Monthly household income (Chinese yuan)			0.361
Up to 3,000	17 (17.5)	21 (21.9)
3,001–6,000	66 (68.0)	67 (69.8)
6,001 and above	14 (14.6)	8 (8.3)

Table 2 Mean scores of Health Belief Model variables before and after educational program

Independent variables	Interventional group		Control group		p-value
	Baseline, A1	Follow-up, A2	Baseline, B1	Follow-up, B2	A1 vs B1	A2 vs B2	A1 vs A2	B1 vs B2	A1 vs B2	A2 vs B1
Perceived susceptibility	2.46 (0.54)	2.69 (0.64)	2.41 (0.59)	2.51 (0.55)	0.549	0.030	0.007	0.160	0.497	0.001
Perceived severity	2.40 (0.60)	2.59 (0.65)	2.36 (0.58)	2.40 (0.57)	0.663	0.028	0.036	0.602	0.988	0.010
Perceived benefit	2.77 (0.52)	2.94 (0.53)	2.79 (0.49)	2.81 (0.47)	0.722	0.078	0.018	0.693	0.495	0.043
Perceived barrier	2.70 (0.60)	2.86 (0.54)	2.70 (0.55)	2.70 (0.54)	0.957	0.045	0.051	0.910	0.967	0.036
Self-efficacy	2.70 (0.48)	2.92 (0.55)	2.70 (0.49)	2.74 (0.46)	0.948	0.010	,0.001	0.501	0.559	0.003

Notes: Values are expressed as means (standard deviations). The p-values A1 vs A2 and B1 vs B2 are obtained by comparing means between the groups using the paired-samples t-test. The p-values A1 vs B1, A2 vs B2, A1 vs B2, and A2 vs B1 are obtained by comparing means between the groups using the independent-samples t-test.

Table 3 Mean scores of physical activity before and after educational program

Independent variables	Interventional group		Control group		p-value
	Baseline, A1	Follow-up, A2	Baseline, B1	Follow-up, B2	A1 vs B1	A2 vs B2	A1 vs A2	B1 vs B2	A1 vs B2	A2 vs B1
Physical activity	2.48 (0.48)	2.72 (0.56)	2.49 (0.55)	2.51 (0.50)	0.851	0.006	<0.001	0.711	0.589	0.004

Notes: Values are expressed as means (standard deviations). The p-values A1 vs A2 and B1 vs B2 are obtained by comparing means between the groups using the paired-samples t-test. The p-values A1 vs B1, A2 vs B2, A1 vs B2, and A2 vs B1 are obtained by comparing means between the groups using the independent-samples t-test.

Table 4 Mean levels of indices before and after educational program

Independent variables	Interventional group		Control group		p-value
	Baseline, A1	Follow-up, A2	Baseline, B1	Follow-up, B2	A1 vs B1	A2 vs B2	A1 vs A2	B1 vs B2	A1 vs B2	A2 vs B1
SBP, kPa	17.64 (1.67)	17.24 (1.79)	17.73 (1.76)	17.43 (1.54)	0.706	0.431	0.101	0.186	0.336	0.050
DBP, kPa	10.65 (1.07)	10.47 (1.03)	10.76 (1.08)	10.56 (0.96)	0.479	0.489	0.218	0.185	0.554	0.052
BMI	25.70 (3.10)	24.70 (3.00)	25.80 (3.30)	25.70 (3.20)	0.718	0.024	0.025	0.773	0.946	0.012
WHR	0.90 (0.06)	0.88 (0.06)	0.89 (0.10)	0.90 (0.05)	0.380	0.022	0.032	0.333	0.901	0.525
SUA, μmol/L	493.2 (44.1)	459.5 (54.3)	484.2 (41.1)	488.5 (59.6)	0.138	<0.001	<0.001	0.539	0.609	0.004

Notes: Values are expressed as means (standard deviations). The p-values A1 vs A2 and B1 vs B2 are obtained by comparing means between the groups using the paired-samples t-test. The p-values A1 vs B1, A2 vs B2, A1 vs B2, and A2 vs B1 are obtained by comparing means between the groups using the independent-samples t-test.

Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist–hip ratio; SUA, serum uric acid.