Creating a change in the use of ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injection

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the nurses (N=50)

	n	%
Age (X=25.80±5.02, min=18 max=37)
18–27 years	34	68.0
28–37 years	16	32.0
Gender
Female	46	92.0
Male	4	8.0
Level of education
Vocational School of Health	28	56.0
Two-year degree	2	4.0
Bachelor’s degree	20	40.0
Year of study in nursing (X=5.68±4.67, min=1 max=17)
0–1 year	11	22.0
2–6 years	20	40.0
7 years and above	19	38.0
IMI-related training
Yes	8	16.0
No	42	84.0

Abbreviation: IMI, intramuscular injection.

Table 2 Sites used for IMI by nurse and their frequency of use

	n	%
Frequency of administering IMI
Always	17	34.0
Frequently	9	18.0
Sometimes	9	18.0
Rarely	13	26.0
Never	2	4.0
Use of dorsogluteal site
Always	28	56.0
Sometimes	9	18.0
Never	13	26.0
Use of ventrogluteal site
Always	5	10.0
Sometimes	8	16.0
Never	37	74.0
Use of deltoid site
Always	10	20.0
Sometimes	21	42.0
Never	19	38.0
Use of lateral femoral site
Always	8	16.0
Sometimes	31	62.0
Never	11	22.0
Use of rectus femoris
Always	3	6.0
Sometimes	10	20.0
Never	29	58.0
Unanswered	8	16.0

Abbreviation: IMI, intramuscular injection.

Table 3 Nurses’ condition of administering VG site injection for IMI, safe choices and reasons for avoiding VG site IMI prior to the training

	n	%
Safe choices for IMI
Dorsogluteal site	32	64.0
VG site	9	18.0
Lateral femoral	5	10.0
Deltoid	3	6.0
Rectus femoris	1	2.0
Reasons for avoiding the VG site for IMI
I do not know how to identify the site	16	32
I think that the needle will reach the bone tissue	13	26
Patients may refuse because they are unfamiliar	12	24
I think it will cause more pain	8	16
I think the muscle in the site has a small structure	3	6
Knowledge of the recommendation of the VG site use in the literature
Yes	10	20
No	40	80

Abbreviations: IMI, intramuscular injection; VG, ventrogluteal.

Table 4 Distribution of the nurses’ mean scores of their levels of knowledge and anxiety regarding the use of ventrogluteal site for IMI before and after training

	Before training	After training	Student’s t-test
	X±SD	X±SD
Knowledge	12.40±6.89	21.80±1.95	t=−9.672; P=0.00
Anxiety	39.22±10.16	37.52±8.54	t=1.127; P=0.265

Note: Significance values are written in bold.

Table 5 Distribution of the mean knowledge scores regarding the VG site use for IMI according to certain characteristics of nurses

Descriptive characteristics	n	Before training	After training	Test results
		X±SD	X±SD
Age
18–27 years	34	12.94±6.37	21.97±2.03	Z=−4.989 P=0.000
28–37 years	16	11.25±8.00	21.43±1.73	Z=−3.523 P=0.000
Test results	50	Z=−0.553 P=0.580	Z=−0.991 P=0.322
Gender
Female	46	12.52±6.78	21.91±1.94	Z=−5.828 P=0.000
Male	4	11.00±9.12	20.50±1.91	Z=−1.826 P=0.068
Test results	50	Z=−0.144 P=0.886	Z=−1.432 P=0.152
Level of education
Vocational School of Health	28	12.42±6.47	22.00±2.10	χ^2=27.000 P=0.000
Two-year degree	2	17.50±0.70	19.00±2.82	χ^2=0.000 P=1.000
Bachelor’s degree	20	11.85±7.75	21.80±1.50	χ^2=20.000 P=0.000
Test results	50	χ^2=1.027 P=0.599	χ^2=2.786 P=0.248
Year of study in nursing
0–1 year	11	12.81±5.82	22.63±1.12	χ^2=11.000 P=0.001
2–6 years	20	11.75±7.39	21.05±2.06	χ^2=15.211 P=0.000
7 years and above	19	12.84±7.22	22.10±2.02	χ^2=19.000 P=0.000
Test results	50	χ^2=0.131 P=0.937	χ^2=4.492 P=0.106
IMI-related training
Yes	8	13.62±7.68	22.00±1.60	Z=−2.524 P=0.012
No	42	12.16±6.81	21.76±2.03	Z=−5.563 P=0.000
Test results	50	Z=−0.783 P=0.433	Z=−0.255 P=0.799
Identification of VG site
Yes	34	15.00±5.10	21.97±2.02	Z=−4.981 P=0.000
No	16	6.87±7.08	21.43±1.82	Z=−3.519 P=0.000
Test results	50	Z=−3.569 P=0.00	Z=−0.980 P=0.327
Knowledge of the recommendation of the VG site use in the literature
Yes	10	15.45±5.05	22.15±1.81	Z=−5.420 P=0.000
No	40	10.36±7.28	21.56±2.04	Z=−2.807 P=0.005
Test results	50	Z=−2.593 P=0.010	Z=−1.124 P=0.261
Safe choices for IMI
Dorsogluteal site	32	11.37±7.00	21.81±1.74	χ^2=32.00 P=0.000
VG site	9	17.66±1.58	22.44±2.18	χ^2=8.00 P=0.005
Othersa	3	10.77±7.79	21.11±2.42	χ^2=5.444 P=0.020
Test results		χ^2=6.679 P=0.035	χ^2=2.003 P=0.367

Notes:

a Deltoid, lateral femoral and rectus femoris. Significance values are written in bold.

Abbreviations: IMI, intramuscular injection; VG, ventrogluteal.