Multicenter study of patients’ preferences and concerns regarding the origin of bone grafts utilized in dentistry

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data by country

	Spain, n (%)	Portugal, n (%)	France, n (%)	Italy, n (%)	Chile, n (%)	Total, n (%)
Gender
Man	16 (32)	17 (45.9)	24 (41.4)	43 (44.3)	28 (31.8)	128 (38.8)
Woman	34 (68)	20 (54.1)	34 (58.6)	54 (55.7)	60 (68.2)	202 (61.2)
Age (years)
18–30	7 (14)	13 (35.1)	6 (10.3)	27 (27.8)	27 (30.7)	80 (24.2)
31–45	8 (16)	6 (16.2)	13 (22.4)	28 (28.9)	21 (23.9)	76 (23.0)
46–60	17 (34)	3 (8.1)	24 (41.4)	18 (18.6)	27 (30.7)	23 (27.0)
Older than 60	18 (36)	15 (40.5)	15 (25.9)	24 (24.7)	12 (14.8)	85 (25.8)
Educational level
No formal education	2 (4)	3 (8.1)	0 (0)	4 (4.1)	0 (0)	9 (2.7)
Complete or incomplete primary education	16 (32)	14 (37.8)	4 (7)	0 (0)	11 (12.6)	45 (13.7)
Complete or incomplete secondary education	12 (24)	4 (10.8)	15 (26.3)	33 (34)	20 (22.9)	84 (25.6)
Complete or incomplete higher education	20 (40)	16 (43.2)	38 (66.7)	60 (61.9)	56 (64.4)	190 (57.9)
Religious affiliation
No	28 (56)	7 (18.9)	28 (48.3)	29 (29.9)	30 (34.9)	122 (37.2)
Yes	22 (44)	30 (81.1)	30 (51.7)	68 (70.1)	56 (65.1)	206 (62.8)
Christians	20 (90.9)	29 (100)	23 (76.7)	61 (89.7)	54 (100)	187 (92.1)
Muslim	2 (9.1)	0 (0)	5 (16.7)	3 (4.4)	0 (0)	10 (4.9)
Other	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (6.6)	4 (5.9)	0 (0)	6 (3)

Figure 1 Graph showing the degree of patients’ acceptance to each type of bone graft.

Abbreviations: EDS, extraoral donor site; IDS, intraoral donor site.

Table 2 Percentages of patients’ acceptance to each type of bone graft

Type of graft	Never	Only as a last resort	Yes, if the type of graft leads to the best results	Yes, if my dentist recommends the use of this type of graft	Yes, I am comfortable with the use of this graft	Only if the animal did not suffer nor was killed in order to obtain the graft	Yes, but only from a living donor	Yes, but only from a deceased donor
Alloplastic	1.8 (0/1.1/2/2.7/5.2)	4.5 (4.1/3.4/6/2.7/6.9)	32.4 (28.9/44.3/24/18.9/36.2)	41.2 (43.3/28.4/48/54.1/43.1)	20 (23.7/22.7/20/21.6/8.6)	NA	NA	NA
Xenograft	11.8 (8.2/12.5/12/8.1/19)	20.9 (19.6/14.8/24/24.3/27.6)	21.2 (19.6/30.7/6/13.5/27.6)	22.7 (22.7/19.3/40/37.8/1.7)	10.3 (13.4/14.8/8/10.8/0)	13 (16.5/8/10/5.4/22.4)	NA	NA
Autologous bone from an intraoral donor site	3.6 (4.1/2.3/10/0/1.7)	20.9 (22.7/29.5/18/2.7/17.2)	28.5 (26.8/34.1/18/18.9/37.9)	27.6 (22.7/19.3/36/43.2/31)	19.7 (23.7/14.8/18/35.1/12.1)	NA	NA	NA
Autologous bone from an extraoral donor site	8.2 (12.4/5.7/10/8.1/3.4)	25.8 (32/20.7/38/5.4/25.9)	27.1 (19.6/41.4/8/27/34.5)	21.3 (18.6/13.8/26/32.4/25.9)	17.6 (17.5/18.3/18/27/10.3)	NA	NA	NA
Allograft	20.4 (16.5/19.3/16/32.4/24.6)	20.1 (15.5/17/34/8.1/28.1)	17.3 (19.6/20.5/6/16.2/19.3)	18.8 (15.5/17/28/21.6/17.5)	14 (21.6/13.6/12/10.8/5.3)	NA	6.1 (4.1/11.4/2/8.1/3.5)	3.3 (7.2/1.1/2/2.7/1.8)

Note: Data shown as total (Italy/Chile/Spain/Portugal/France).

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

Table 3 Reasons for rejection to each type of bone graft, by country

	Religious motivations (n)	Simple preference (n)	Ethical or moral motivations (n)	Preference for natural materials (n)	Afraid of pain or discomfort (n)	Against the use of animals for human benefit (n)	Afraid of disease transmission (n)
Alloplastic	3 (2/0/0/1/0)	6 (2/1/2/1/0)	1 (0/0/0/1/0)	9 (0/2/2/0/5)	NA	NA	NA
Xenograft	10 (1/3/1/1/4)	11 (5/2/3/0/1)	NA	NA	NA	37 (12/4/7/4/10)	46 (9/14/7/6/10)
Autologous from an intraoral donor site	7 (4/0/3/0)	17 (4/5/5/0/3)	2 (0/0/2/0/0)	NA	47 (18/18/4/1/6)	NA	NA
Autologous from an extraoral donor site	5 (3/0/0/2/0)	24 (8/5/11/0/0)	5 (0/0/5/0/0)	NA	67 (31/14/8/3/11)	NA	NA
Allograft	17 (1/3/11/1/1)	20 (10/4/0/0/6)	43 (12/10/6/8/7)	NA	NA	NA	49 (7/14/8/6/14)

Note: Data shown as total (Italy/Chile/Spain/Portugal/France).

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.