Factors affecting hypertensive patients’ compliance with healthy lifestyle

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and medical characteristics of patients

	N=1000 (%)
Age (years) 19–40 41–60 >60	50 (5) 470 (47) 480 (48)
Gender Male Female	430 (43) 570 (57)
Place of residence City Village	630 (63) 370 (37)
Family status Single Married Divorced Widowed	30 (3) 900 (90) 0 (0) 70 (7)
Education level Illiterate Primary school Secondary school Tertiary school	170 (17) 180 (18) 310 (31) 340 (34)
Work status Governmental employee Private business House wife Non-employed Retired	100 (10) 100 (10) 450 (45) 30 (3) 320 (32)
Monthly income (JD) <150 150 to <500 500 to <850 850 to <1200 >1200	180 (18) 460 (46) 160 (16) 110 (11) 90 (9)
Presence of maids Yes No	80 (8) 920 (92)
BMI Underweight (<18.5) Normal (18.5–24.9) Overweight (25–29.9) Obese (≥30)	0 (0) 200 (20) 350 (35) 450 (45)
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure when last checked <140/90 mmHg 140/90–159/99 mmHg ≥160/100 mmHg	530 (53) 340 (34) 130 (13)
Is your blood pressure controlled nowadays? Yes Sometimes No	490 (49) 230 (23) 280 (28)

Table 2 Patients’ reports on lifestyle and self-management counseling

	N=1000 (%)
Current physician recommended physical activity? Yes No	690 (69) 310 (31)
Current physician discussed smoking cessation? Yes No	430 (43) 570 (57)
Current physician discussed the need for a suitable diet – what you may and may not eat? Yes No	770 (77) 230 (23)
Current physician discussed your desirable weight? Yes No	700 (70) 300 (30)
Current physician explained the risks and complications of high blood pressure? Yes No	580 (58) 420 (42)
Current physician explained how to measure blood pressure by yourself? Yes No	470 (47) 530 (53)
Current physician explained about signs for deterioration? Yes No	630 (63) 370 (37)

Table 3 Patients’ reports on general behaviors

	N=1000 (%)
Do you exercise regularly? Yes No	470 (47) 530 (53)
Do you smoke or have you in the past? I smoke I used to smoke I have never smoked	230 (23) 180 (18) 590 (59)
Do you follow a special diet for your hypertension (low calorie, low fat, salt-free, etc.)? Yes Sometimes No	580 (58) 170 (17) 250 (25)

Table 4 Patients’ knowledge about hypertension

	N=1000 (%)
Unbalanced blood pressure can damage blood vessels and lead to heart attacks and strokes? True False I don’t know	920 (92) 0 (0) 80 (8)
Being overweight does affect blood pressure? True False I don’t know	940 (94) 0 (0) 60 (6)
Salt consumption raises blood pressure? True False I don’t know	970 (97) 0 (0) 30 (3)
Physical exercise helps reduce blood pressure? True False I don’t know	890 (89) 0 (0) 110 (11)
Medication is all that is needed to treat hypertension? True False I don’t know	130 (13) 830 (83) 40 (4)

Table 5 Patients’ beliefs about hypertension

	N=1000 (%)
I believe that medication to reduce hypertension will help me feel better? Agree Don’t entirely agree Disagree Don’t know	920 (92) 60 (6) 20 (2) 0 (0)
I believe that a diet to reduce hypertension will help me feel better? Agree Don’t entirely agree Disagree Don’t know	810 (81) 80 (8) 80 (8) 30 (3)
A hypertension patient has to be treated constantly, whether or not his/her health improves? Agree Don’t entirely agree Disagree Don’t know	880 (88) 30 (3) 80 (8) 10 (1)
I believe that it is possible to control my blood pressure? Agree Don’t entirely agree Disagree Don’t know	730 (73) 110 (11) 140 (14) 20 (2)
Who is responsible for ensuring your blood pressure is balanced? Full/main responsibility is with the doctor and/or nurse Full/main responsibility is with the patient Full/main responsibility is with the patient and the doctor	60 (6) 540 (54) 400 (40)

Table 6 Overall patients’ scores

	N=1000 (%)
Health behavior Non-compliant Compliant	770 (77) 230 (23)
Patients’ reports on lifestyle and self-management counseling (score) Low High	440 (44) 560 (56)
Patients’ knowledge about hypertension (score) Low High	50 (5) 950 (95)
Patients’ beliefs about hypertension (score) Low High	140 (14) 860 (86)

Table 7 Association between compliance and various factors

Factors	*Pearson chi-square value	df	P-value
Age	0.536	2	0.765
Gender	10.499	1	0.001
Place of residence	3.679	1	0.055
Family status	6.074	3	0.108
Education level	4.413	3	0.220
Work status	10.856	4	0.028
Monthly income	0.712	4	0.950
Presence of maids	0.007	1	0.935
BMI	5.974	3	0.113
SBP and DBP diastolic blood pressure when last checked	4.540	2	0.103
BP control	3.535	2	0.171
Responsibility for ensuring balanced blood pressure	2.008	2	0.366
Lifestyle and self-management counseling score	9.143	1	0.002
Knowledge about hypertension score	8.129	1	0.004
Beliefs about hypertension score	18.228	1	0.000

Note: *Pearson chi-square test, p<0.05.

Table 8 Independent predictors for compliance

Factors	P (chi-square)	OR	95% CI for EXP(B)		*P (logistic regression)
			Lower	Upper
Gender (female)	0.001	1.961	1.228	3.130	0.005
Lifestyle and self-management counseling score (high)	0.002	1.530	1.116	2.098	0.008
Knowledge about hypertension score (high)	0.004	2.961	1.037	8.453	0.043
Beliefs about hypertension score (high)	0.000	2.709	1.485	4.941	0.001

Note: *Binary logistic regression.