User Acceptability and Technical Robustness Evaluation of a Novel Smart Pill Bottle Prototype Designed to Support Medication Adherence

Figures & data

Figure 1 Data transfer of the SPBP system.

Notes: Dispenses are performed through an app on the mobile phone. Time and temperature data are registered when the dose is successfully dispensed, and then loaded to an online platform.

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Participants (Total n=10)

Characteristics	Participants
Sex (female)	5 (50%)
Age (years)
20–29	3 (30%)
30–39	3 (30%)
40–49	1 (10%)
50–59	2 (20%)
60–69	1 (10%)
Education Level^a
Academic education	4 (40%)
Higher professional education	2 (20%)
Vocational education	4 (40%)
Phone Operating System
Android	6 (60%)
iOS	4 (40%)
Familiar with Regular Medication Use
Yes	5 (50%)
No	5 (50%)

Note: ^aAccording to the Dutch education system.

Figure 2 Medication adherence report scale scores.

Figure 3 System usability score for the smart pill bottle prototype.

Figure 4 Additional questions on the smart pill bottle prototype.

Figure 5 Comparison of temperatures that were measured simultaneously by the sensor inside the smart pill bottle prototype (x-axis) and by the calibrated external temperature logger (y-axis).

Figure 6 Bland–Altman to evaluate the bias between the measurements of the internal temperature sensor and external temperature logger.

Note: In this plot, the difference between the two paired measurements is set out against the average of the two paired measurements.

Figure 7 Association of smart pill bottle-defined dispense adherence rates (<90%, 90–99% and 100%) versus various alternative adherence indicators.

Note: A low MARS score is defined as a score of 24 or less.

Abbreviations: MARS, Medication Adherence Report Scale; SUS, System Usability Scale.