Validation of the Chinese Version of the Modified Gait Efficacy Scale for Patients Removing Ilizarov External Fixation Device for Over One Year

Figures & data

Table 1 Pre-Testing Patient Characteristics (N =5)

Age (Year)	Sex	Education	Time After Operation (Months)	mGES	LEFS	BMI
58	Male	Medium	14	66	58	21.2
53	Female	High	16	82	55	20.6
61	Female	Medium	15	63	52	21.6
57	Male	Medium	18	75	42	20.2
55	Male	High	15	73	46	21.8

Table 2 Sample Characteristics (N=102)

Characteristics	Mean ± SD or Number
Age, years	61.23 ± 7.2
Sex, male	63
The time after operation, months	15.35 ± 2.4
Ethnicity, Han nationality	97
Marital status
Not married	3
Married	95
Widowed	4
Education ^a
Low	16
Medium	72
High	14
mGES (range, 0–100)	50.40 ± 13.6
PEPPI (range, 0–100)	73.17 ± 15.0
SER (range, 0–120)	114.14 ± 5.0
PSEQ (range, 0–60)	56.30 ± 3.9
LEFS (range, 0–80)	47.03 ± 10.4

Notes: ^alow = none, primary school, lower-level vocational training, lower-level secondary general education; medium = middle-level vocational training, higher-level secondary general education; high = higher-level vocational training, academic education.

Abbreviations: PEPPI-10, Perceived Efficacy Patient-Physician Interactions Scale; SER, Self-Efficacy for Rehabilitation Outcome Scale; PSEQ, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; LEFS, lower extremities function assessment scale; mGES, modified Gait Efficacy Scale.

Figure 1 Patients’ mGES score distribution. Mean = 50.4, Standard deviation (line) = 13.65, N = 102.

Abbreviation: mGES, the modified Gait Efficacy Scale.

Figure 2 Standardized factor loading and residuals for the items of the mGES.

Abbreviation: mGES, the modified Gait Efficacy Scale.

Table 3 Symmetry Measure of the Chinese Version mGES

		Value	Asymptotic Standard Error ^a	Approximation T ^b	P
Coherence measure	Kappa	0.680	0.048	36.443	0.000
Effective cases	N	97

Notes: ^aNo assumption of zero; ^bAssuming zero hypothesis using asymptotic standard error.

Figure 3 Individual agreement between test and retest scores of the Chinese version mGES. The horizontal solid line represents the mean difference between both scores. The dashed line represents the linear regression line through the data points. The outer dashed lines represent the 95% limits of agreement (mean difference±1.96 SD of the difference).

Table 4 Spearman Correlations Between mGES and Other Measures

				LEFS	PSRQ	SER	PEPPI
mGES	Spearman correlations			0.288**	−0.141	0.071	0.507**
	Sig			0.003	0.158	0.478	0.000
	N			102	102	102	102
	Bootstrap^a	Deviation		0.007	−0.002	0.000	−0.007
		Standard error		0.109	0.103	0.099	0.097
		95% CI	Floor	0.087	−0.346	−0.112	0.306
			Ceiling	0.502	0.069	0.279	0.685

Notes: **P<0.01; Bootstrap ^a, the bootstrap results are based on 1000 bootstrap samples.