Attitude Towards Drug Therapy in a Community Mental Health Center Evaluated by the Drug Attitude Inventory

Figures & data

Figure 1 The flow diagram of participants screened.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Variables of Our Sample

Variables	Sample
	Male N=136 (45%)	Female N=164 (55%)	Total N=300 (100%)
Age, mean±standard deviation
Years	46.83±14.26	49.96±14.38	48.5±14.39
Nationality, n (%)
Italian	120 (88%)	142 (86%)	262 (87%)
European (no-Italian)	0 (0%)	6 (4%)	6 (2%)
Extra-European	16 (12%)	16 (10%)	32 (11%)
Marital status, n (%)
Single	77 (58%)	55 (34%)	132 (44%)
Married	44 (32%)	70 (43%)	114 (38%)
Divorced or widowed	14 (10%)	37 (23%)	51 (18%)
Schooling, n (%)
Elementary school	14 (10%)	17 (10%)	31 (10%)
Middle school	51 (37.5%)	59 (36%)	110 (37%)
High school	51 (37.5%)	59 (36%)	110 (37%)
University degree	11 (8%)	21 (13%)	32 (10%)
Unknown	9 (7%)	8 (5%)	17 (6%)
Work, n (%)
Employed	51 (38%)	62 (38%)	113 (38%)
Unemployed	44 (32%)	50 (30%)	94 (31%)
Retired for disabilty	20 (15%)	20 (12%)	40 (13%)
Retired for age	11 (8%)	20 (12%)	31 (11%)
Student	7 (5%)	8 (5%)	15 (5%)
Unknown	3 (2%)	4 (3%)	7 (2%)
Living environment, n (%)
Alone	30 (22%)	31 (19%)	61 (20%)
Parental family	44 (32%)	32 (20%)	76 (26%)
Marital family	44 (32%)	88 (53%)	132 (44%)
Protected facility	13 (10%)	8 (5%)	21 (7%)
Unknown	5 (4%)	5 (3%)	10 (3%)

Table 2 Clinical Variables of Our Sample

Variables	Sample
	Male N=136 (45%)	Female N=164 (55%)	Total N=300 (100%)
Treatment in other community services, n (%)
No treatment in other community services	100 (74%)	118 (71%)	218 (73%)
Substance Abuse Service	4 (3%)	2 (2%)	6 (2%)
Social Service	19 (14%)	25 (15%)	44 (15%)
Clinical Psychology Service	10 (7%)	18 (11%)	28 (9%)
Others or more than one service	3 (2%)	1 (1%)	4 (1%)
Psychiatric diagnoses (ICD-9-CM), n (%)
Schizophrenia and other psychosis	59 (43%)	43 (26%)	102 (34%)
Bipolar disorders	23 (17%)	43 (26%)	66 (22%)
Neurotic disorders (Dysthymia and anxiety disorders)	15 (11%)	27 (16%)	42 (14%)
Personality disorders	20 (15%)	31 (19%)	51 (17%)
Alcohol and/or drug induced mental disorders	2 (1%)	1 (1%)	3 (1%)
Adjustment reactions	11 (8%)	11 (7%)	22 (7%)
Others	6 (5%)	8 (5%)	14 (5%)
Organic comorbidity, n (%)
Absent	79 (58%)	84 (51%)	163 (54%)
Present	56 (41%)	79 (48%)	135 (45%)
Not ascertainable	1 (1%)	1 (1%)	2 (1%)
Period of treatment in CMHC, n (%)
< 1 year	25 (18%)	27 (16%)	52 (18%)
1-10 years	55 (40%)	60 (37%)	115 (38%)
>10 years	50 (37%)	71 (43%)	121 (40%)
Not ascertainable	6 (5%)	6 (4%)	12 (4%)
Psychiatric hospitalizations from illness onset, mean±standard deviation
Number	1.49±3.83	1.95±4.43	1.74±4.17
Psychiatric hospitalizations in the previous year, n (%)
1 or more than one	19 (14%)	27 (16%)	46 (15%)
None	114 (84%)	134 (82%)	248 (83%)
Not ascertainable	3 (2%)	3 (2%)	6 (2%)

Table 3 Pharmacological Variables of Our Sample

Variables		Sample
		Male N=136 (45%)	Female N=164 (55%)	Total N=300 (100%)
Drugs, n (%)
Oral and/or long-acting antipsychotic	Present	100 (74%)	99 (60%)	199 (66%)
	Absent	36 (26%)	65 (40%)	101 (34%)
Mood stabilizer	Present	22 (16%)	34 (21%)	56 (19%)
	Absent	114 (84%)	130 (79%)	244 (81%)
Benzodiazepine	Present	69 (51%)	110 (67%)	179 (60%)
	Absent	67 (49%)	54 (33%)	121 (40%)
Antidepressant	Present	61 (45%)	117 (71%)	178 (60%)
	Absent	75 (55%)	47 (29%)	122 (40%)
Other drugs	Present	11 (8%)	27 (16%)	38 (13%)
	Absent	125 (92%)	137 (84%)	262 (87%)
Modality of therapy administration, n (%)
Oral		116 (85%)	148 (90%)	264 (88%)
Long-acting		5 (4%)	1 (1%)	6 (2%)
Other or more than one modality		15 (11%)	15 (9%)	30 (10%)
Mono- or polytherapy, n (%)
Monotherapy		36 (26%)	22 (13%)	58 (19%)
Polytherapy		100 (74%)	142 (87%)	242 (81%)

Figure 2 The sum of each DAI-30 item score across patients.

Table 4 Factor Loadings (>0.40) and Uniqueness of the DAI-30 Items

DAI-30 Items	Factor 1 (Factor Loading)	Factor 2 (Factor Loading)	Factor 3 (Factor Loading)	Uniqueness
Item 1			0.60	0.55
Item 3		0.50		0.53
Item 4			0.57	0.60
Item 6	0.65			0.48
Item 9	0.45			0.60
Item 11		0.41		0.65
Item 12		0.64		0.52
Item 13			0.46	0.70
Item 15	0.70			0.42
Item 16		0.63		0.50
Item 18	0.70			0.43
Item 21	0.59			0.50
Item 22			0.58	0.58
Item 25		0.58		0.60
Item 26	0.74			0.38
Item 29	0.50			0.62

Figure 3 Scree-plot of DAI-30 factorial analysis.

Figure 4 The three factors of DAI-30.

Table 5 Variables Statistically Significantly Related to the DAI-30 Total and Factor Scores (Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression Model)

Variable	Coefficient	Standard Error	Probability	95% Confidence Interval
The DAI-30 total score
Number of psychiatric hospitalizations from illness onset	−0.32	0.15	p=0.033	−0.62; −0.02
Mono/Polytherapy (“Polytherapy”)* “Monotherapy”	−4.24	1.54	p=0.007	−7.29; −1.19
Marital status (“single”)* “married”	2.87	1.34	p=0.034	0.22; 5.53
Factor 1 score
Number of psychiatric hospitalizations from illness onset	−1.25	0.47	p=0.008	−2.17; 0.33
Therapy with antipsychotic drugs (“present”)* “absent”	−2.24	0.61	p=0.000	−3.44; −1.03
Factor 2 score
Work (“employed”)* Retired for age	−1.23	0.60	p=0.042	−2.42; −0.046
Student	−2.16	0.81	p=0.009	−3.77; −0.55
Factor 3 score
Treatment in other community services (“present”)* “absent”	−0.73	0.33	p=0.027	−1.38; −0.08

Notes: *Reference variable