Factors Affecting Adherence to Co-Trimoxazole Preventive Therapy in HIV/AIDS Patients Attending an Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Ethiopia University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Participants

Characteristics		Frequency (N)	Percentage (%)
Age (mean± SD)	37.3 (± 11.8)
Sex	Male	119	39.4
	Female	183	60.6
Education	High school and above	70	23.2
	Primary school	149	49.3
	Illiterate	83	27.5
Marital status	Single	80	26.5
	Married	146	48.3
	Separated/divorced/widowed	76	25.2
Religion	Orthodox	259	85.8
	Muslim	39	12.9
	Protestant	4	1.3
Occupation	Unemployed	212	70.2
	Employed	90	29.8
Ethnicity	Amhara	284	94.0
	Oromo	3	1.0
	Tigria	15	5

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Socio-Demographic Factors of Participants with Adherence to CPT

Variables	Frequency		COR at 95% CI	AOR at 95% CI	P-value
	Adherent	Non-Adherent
Sex
Male	109	46	0.403(0.75-0.092)	0.723 (0.396–1.980)	0.935
Female	96	42	1.000
Religion
Orthodox	170	89	0.958(0.85-0.092)	0.109(0.85-0.097)	0.831
Muslim	32	7	0.705(0.35-0.063)	0.409(0.55-0.064)	0.912
Protestant	3	1	1.000
Level of education
High school and above	67	3	1.107(1.75–7.79)	2.403(1.35–7.92)	0.002**
Primary school	112	37	0.941(0.25-0.042)	0.513(0.75-0.081)	0.832
Illiterate	26	57	1.000
Marital status
Married	110	36	0.403(0.75-0.092)	0.821(0.13-0.092)	0.68
Single/divorced/ widowed	95	61	1.000
Occupation
Employed	52	38	1.403(1.32–5.92)	0.052(0.32–0.56)	0.47
Unemployed	153	59	1.000

Note: ** p<0.01

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; 95% CI, ninety-five percent confidence interval.

Figure 1 Frequencies of street drug intakes and reasons by participants.

Table 3 Patient-Related Factors of Participants with Adherence to CPT

Variables	Frequency (N)		COR at 95% CI	AOR at 95% CI	P-value
	Adherent	Non-Adherent
Use of street drugs
Yes	7	27	0.431 (1.178–1.616)	1.312(0.111–0.253)	0.003**
No	198	70	1.000
Spouse knowledge about client HIV status
Yes	120	10	0.340 (1.166–1.694)	0.240(0.730–0.932)	0.873
No	12	4	1.000
Spouse knowledge about client on CPT
Yes	90	20	1.089 (1.010–1.761)	1.201(1.301–9.573)	0.045*
No	16	4	1.000
Other family member know of your HIV status
Yes	202	66	1.875(0.103–34.131)	1.063 (0.0450.178)	0.720
No	30	4	1.000
Any other family member taking co-trimoxazole
Yes	102	14	0.581 (0.076–6.124)	0.664(0.049–6.528)	0.996
No	103	83	1.000

Notes: *p<0.05, ** p<0.01

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio, COR, crude odds ratio, 95% CI, ninety-five percent confidence interval.

Figure 2 Participant’s knowledge of the benefits of CPT.

Figure 3 Other drugs taken by participants.

Table 4 Drug-Related Factors of Participants with Adherence to CPT

Variables	Frequency		COR at 95% CI	AOR at 95% CI		P-value
	Adherent	Non-Adherent
Benefit from CPT
Yes	198	70	0.940 (1.103–8.994)	1.360 (1.166–1.683)		0.003**
No	7	27	1.000
Duration on CPT
<6 months	73	30	0.531(1.034–17.694)	1.120(1.185–11.504)		0.036*
>6 months	132	67	1.000
Any other drug
Yes	183	89	0.693 (0.066–0.471)	0.935 (0.351–0.694)		0.083
No	12	18	1.000
Missing of dose
Yes	12	85	1.340 (1.166–1.694)	1.210(0.330-0.962)		0.026*
No	193	12	1.000

Notes: *p<0.05, ** p<0.001.

Abbreviation: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; 95% CI, ninety-five percent confidence interval.

Table 5 Health-Facility-Related Factors in CPT

Variable	Frequency (N)	Percentage (%)
Distance from the hospital
<5 km	161	56.4%
>5km	141	43.4%
Drug availability for refills
Always	278	92.1
No	24	7.9
Time taken to see doctors for treatment
Long	122	40.4
Not long	180	59.6
Proper information on how to take a drug
Yes	207	69.5
No	95	31.5
Counseling done on refill
Yes	160	52.9
No	142	47.1

Table 6 Health-Facility-Related Factors of Participants with Adherence to CPT

Variables	Frequency		COR at 95% CI	AOR at 95% CI	P-value
	Adherent	Non-Adherent
Distance from the hospital
<5 km	98	43	0.822 (0.322–2.104)	1.023 (0.335–3.124)	0.953
>5km	107	54	1.000
Drug availability for refill
Yes	189		0.6027(0.810–4.172)	0.071 (0.597–0.925)	0.683
No	16		1.000
Time taken to see doctors for treatment
Long	102	20	0.901 (0.132–2.104)	0.033 (0.814–1.021)	0.992
Not long	123	57	1.000
Proper information on how to take a drug
Yes	180	27	1.375 (0.322–2.104)	2.315(1.009–7.625)	0.008**
No	25	70	1.000
Counseling done on refill
Yes	142	18	0.822 (0.322–2.104)	1.623(1.335–19.124)	0.038*
No	63	79	1.000

Notes: *p<0.05, ** p<0.001.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; 95% CI, ninety-five percent confidence interval.