Myeloma Patient Value Mapping: A Discrete Choice Experiment on Myeloma Treatment Preferences in the UK

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient Demographics

Characteristics		Patients (N=419)
Gender N (%)	Female	233 (55.61)
	Male	186 (44.39)
Age N (%)	31–40	3 (0.72)
	41–50	27 (6.44)
	51–60	93 (22.2)
	61–70	201 (47.97)
	71–80	87 (20.76)
	81 or older	8 (1.91)
Ethnic group N (%)	White British	401 (95.7)
	Asian or Asian British	2 (0.48)
	Black or Black British	1 (0.24)
	Mixed ethnicity	2 (0.48)
	Other, please specify	12 (2.86)
	Prefer not to answer	1 (0.24)
Occupation status N (%)	Working (full-time or part-time)	72 (17.18)
	Not working	37 (8.83)
	Retired	289 (68.97)
	Other, please specify	21 (5.01)
Household type N (%)	Living alone	61 (14.56)
	Living with others	358 (85.44)
Cares for dependent family members N (%)	Yes	60 (14.32)
	No	357 (85.2)
	Prefer not to answer	2 (0.48)
Key people supporting their Myeloma N (%)	Spouse/partner	339 (80.91)
	Other relative	86 (20.53)
	Friend	48 (11.46)
	NHS professional	106 (25.3)
	Other	25 (5.97)
Current treatment N (%)	Diagnosed with myeloma but not requiring treatment	19 (4.53)
	Require first treatment but have not yet started	1 (0.24)
	Require second or subsequent treatment but not yet started	24 (5.73)
	In remission following treatment	189 (45.11)
	Receiving treatment	137 (32.7)
	Other	47 (11.22)
	Not sure	2 (0.48)

Abbreviations: N, indicates frequency; %, percentage of responses.

Table 2 Attribute Levels

Attribute	Description
Mode/Frequency of administration	Oral	Daily
		2–3 times per week
		Weekly
	Subcutaneous	2–3 times per week
		Weekly
		Fortnightly
		Monthly
	Intravenous	Weekly
		Fortnightly
		Monthly
Annual out-of-pocket costs (pounds)		0
		400
		800
		1200
		1600
Average overall survival/Remission period	1 year	3 months
		9 months
	2 years	6 months
		1 year 6 months
	3 years	9 months
		2 years 3 months
	4 years	1 year
		3 years
	5 years	1 year 3 months
		3 years 9 months
Mild-to-moderate side effects		None
		Low risk (20%) – Duration (up to 2 months)
		Low risk (20%) – Duration (longer than 2 months)
		Med risk (40%) – Duration (up to 2 months)
		Med risk (40%) – Duration (longer than 2 months)
		High risk (60%) – Duration (up to 2 months)
		High risk (60%) – Duration (longer than 2 months)
Severe side effects		None
		Low risk (5%) – Duration (up to 2 months)
		Low risk (5%) – Duration (longer than 2 months)
		High risk (10%) – Duration (up to 2 months)
		High risk (10%) – Duration (longer than 2 months)

Figure 1 Example of a DCE scenario.

Table 3 Model Parameters

	Class 1		Class 2
Class Proportions	0.635		0.365
Utility Parameters	Parameter	T-Ratio	Parameter	T-Ratio
(Reference category: Oral – Low frequency 2–3 times/weekly)
Oral – High Frequency (Daily)	1.149	2.36	0.130	0.73
Intravenous – Low Frequency (Fortnightly/Monthly)	0.473	1.04	−0.401	−2.75
Intravenous – High Frequency (2–3 times/weekly)	−0.235	−0.88	−0.907	−4.99
Subcutaneous – Low Frequency (Fortnightly/Monthly)	0.622	1.57	−0.166	−1.11
Subcutaneous – High Frequency (2–3 times/weekly)	−0.439	−1.38	−0.572	−3.84
(Reference category: Free £0)
Out-of-pocket cost – £400/800	−0.028	−0.11	−0.263	−2.12
Out-of-pocket cost – £1200	−0.327	−1.03	−0.402	−2.8
Out-of-pocket cost – £1600	−0.279	−0.79	−0.612	−4.22
(Reference category: 1 year)
Average survival – 3 years	6.101	5.93	0.672	3.89
Average survival – 5 years	9.610	8.29	1.578	9.73
Average survival – 7 years	11.843	9.11	2.194	13.35
Average survival – 9 years	14.034	9.74	2.619	14.51
(Reference category: Long remission period)
Short remission period	−1.986	−7.72	−0.598	−6.72
(Reference category: Low to medium risk of mild-to-moderate side effects)
No mild-to-moderate side effects	0.418	1.12	0.414	2.69
High risk of mild-to-moderate side effects	−0.724	−4.01	−0.181	−1.81
(Reference category: Low risk of severe side effects)
No severe side effects	0.555	1.84	0.545	4.23
High risk of severe side effects	−0.438	−1.82	−0.155	−1.61
Neither treatment (constant)	−4.939	−4.04	−0.267	−1.21
Class membership – Class 1 (Reference category: Class 2)
Constant	0.699	3.46
Living alone	−0.874	−2.59
Diagnosed recently	0.386	1.68
Experienced severe side effects	−0.479	−1.97
419 participants, Number of choice observations: 4190. Log likelihood −1951.59

Figure 2 Relative attribute importance.

Figure 3 Treatment comparison dashboard.