Strategies for Improving Inhalation Technique in Children: A Narrative Review

Figures & data

Table 1 Solutions, Educators, Themes, and Future Directions to Improve Inhaler Technique in Children

Solutions	Educators	Themes	Future Directions
Education types: Written material – eg paper, pamphlet Videos - In-person – with demonstration and teach-back Technology-enabled supports – device-based and telehealth education	Doctors Advanced practice providers Pharmacists Nurses Respiratory therapists Medical assistants Community health workers	Most education can be implemented in multiple settings by various educators Many inhaler technique education modalities are evidence-based and can be used in alone or in combination Education should be tailored to individual’s knowledge and skill Active learning methods are most effective and can be supplemented by written and videos to reinforce education Team-based approach is crucial for delivering education	Provide reimbursement for inhaler technique education for all patient ages and various health professionals Expand scope of practice of team members Ensure consistent coverage for telehealth services Advance communication systems between health professionals to enable easy bi-directional information flow Change appearance and structure of inhaler devices to support effective use, including consistent colors, built-in spacers, and real-time feedback Adopt training about proper inhaler technique for health professionals broadly Support research on improve inhaler use, such as epidemiology and impact of misuse, standardized assessment tools, practical interventions, and implementation

Notes: Education can be provided synchronously or asynchronously. Checklists can be helpful to assess technique.

Figure 1 Settings in which inhaler technique solutions can be implemented.