Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections Using the EQ-5D-3L in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Patients

Characteristics	N (%)
Age (years)
Mean ± SD (range)	36.2± 9.57 (19–59) years
19–29	82 (24.19)
30–39	114 (33.63)
40–49	121 (35.69)
50–59	22 (6.49)
Medical history
No medical history	177 (52.21)
Diabetic mellites	23 (14.02)
Gynaecology (fibroid/ovary cysts)	28 (17.07)
Irritable bowel syndrome	37 (22.56)
Hypothyroidism	31 (18.90)
Hypertension	19 (11.59)
Other	26 (15.85)
Use of herbal supplements
No	235 (69.32)
Yes	104 (30.68)
Herbal name
Parsley/contained Parsley	75 (72)
Other	29 (28)
Education, years
Low education (≤9)	24 (7.08)
Middle education (12–15)	115 (33.92)
Higher education (≥16)	200 (59)
Employment status
Student	52 (15.34)
Employed	168 (49.56)
Unemployed	119 (35.10)
Marital status
Single	73 (21.53)
Married	241 (71.09)
Other	25 (7.37)
Female monthly income
Less than 5000 SAR	94 (27.73)
5000 to 10,000 SAR	131 (38.64)
More than 10,000 SAR	114 (33.63)

Figure 1 Health state pre- and post-treatment.

Table 2 Numbers and Proportions Reporting Levels Within EQ-5D Dimensions: Pre- and Post-Treatment

	Mobility		Self-Care		Unusual Activity		Pain/Discomfort		Anxiety/Depression
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Level I	246 (72.57)	336 (99.12)	320 (94.40)	336 (99.12)	251 (74.04)	316 (93.22)	129 (38.05)	294 (86.73)	205 (60.47)	286 (84.37)
Level II	85 (25.07)	3 (0.88)	14 (4.13)	3 (0.88)	66 (19.47)	23 (6.78)	152 (44.84)	45 (13.27)	113 (33.33)	53 (15.63)
Level III	8 (2.36)	0	5 (1.47)	0	22 (6.49)	0	58 (17.11)	0	21 (6.19)	0
Total	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)	399 (100)
Reporting some problems	93 (27.43)	3 (0.88)	15 (4.42)	3 (0.88)	88 (25.96)	23 (6.78)	210 (61.95)	45 (13.27)	134 (39.52)	53 (15.63)
Change in numbers reporting problems	−90		−12		−65		−165		−81
% Change reporting problems	96.8		80		73.9		78.6		60.5

Notes: Level I, no problems; Level II, moderate problems; Level III, extreme problems; Total, Results are for those who responded to both the pre- and post-treatment questionnaire; Some problems = levels 2 and 3.

Figure 2 Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-3L scale.

Table 3 Association Between Overall Health-Related Quality of Life Pre- and Post-Treatment and Other Sample Characteristics

	Pre-Treatment			Post -Treatment
Characteristics	Perfect Health n,%	Moderate n,%	P- value	Perfect Health n,%	Moderate n,%	P- value
Age Category			0.0001*			0.0001*
19–29	45 (54.9)	37 (45.1)		74 (90.2)	8 (9.8)
30–39	33 (28.9)	81 (71.1)		100 (87.7)	14 (12.3)
40–49	23 (19)	98 (81)		83 (68.6)	38 (31.4)
50–59	3 (13.6)	19 (86.4)		15 (68.2)	7 (31.8)
Is Medical history			0.0001*			0.0001*
No	80 (45.2)	97 (54.8)		158 (88.1)	21 (11.9)
Yes	24 (14.8)	138 (85.2)		116 (71.6)	46 (28.4)
Medical history			0.0001*			0.0001*
Diabetic mellitus	1 (4.3)	22 (95.7)		15 (65.2)	8 (34.8)
Gynaecology (fibroid/ovary cysts)	1 (3.6)	27 (96.4)		17 (60.7)	11 (39.3)
Irritable bowel syndrome	8 (21.6)	29 (78.4)		32 (86.5)	5 (13.5)
Hypothyroidism	6 (19.4)	25 (80.6)		23 (74.2)	8 (25.8)
Hypertension	1 (5.3)	18 (94.7)		13 (68.4)	6 (31.6)
Other	7 (26.9)	19 (73.1)
Use of herbal supplements			0.0001*			0.057
No	91 (38.7)	144 (61.3)		195 (83)	40 (17)
Yes	13 (12.5)	91 (87.5)		77 (74)	27 (26)
Herbal name			0.0001*			0.114
Parsley	10 (13.3)	65 (86.7)		54 (72)	21 (28)
Other	3 (10.3)	26 (89.7)
Employment status			0.001*			0.079
Student	24 (54.5)	20 (45.5)		39 (88.6)	5 (11.4)
Employed	42 (25)	126 (75)		127 (75.6)	41 (24.4)
Unemployed	38 (29.9)	89 (70.1)		106 (83.5)	21 (16.5)
Marital status			0.026*			0.857
Single	32 (43.8)	41 (56.2)		59 (80.8)	14 (19.2)
Married	65 (27)	176 (73)		194 (80.5)	47 (19.5)
Other	7 (28)	18 (72)		19 (76)	6 (24)

Note: *Pearson Chi-squared test significant at α = 0.05.