Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Colorectal Cancer Patients Using the Vietnamese Value Set of the EQ-5D-5L

Figures & data

Table 1 General Characteristics of CRC Patients (n=197) and Summary Statistics for the EQ-5D-5L Utility Score by Participant and Clinical Characteristics

Variables	Frequency	Mean	SD	Median	p-value
All	197	0.561 (min, max: −0.5115, 1)	0.27	0.582 (IQR, −0.209 to 0.782)	NA
Gender
Men	108	0.559	0.29	0.548	0.88
Women	89	0.564	0.25	0.599
Marital status
Single/widow	26	0.492	0.31	0.505	0.22
Married	171	0.572	0.26	0.593
Age group
20–34	10	0.447	0.37	0.475	0.01
35–44	23	0.602	0.25	0.611
45–54	39	0.596	0.18	0.593
55–64	66	0.639	0.20	0.667
65+	59	0.454	0.34	0.474
Education
Primary school and less (grade 5 or less)	58	0.472	0.30	0.542	0.01
Secondary school (Grade 6–9)	71	0.549	0.26	0.558
High school (grade 10 or 12)	13	0.692	0.22	0.800
College/vocational	39	0.635	0.20	0.652
University/higher	16	0.651	0.30	0.782
Jobs
Agricultures	77	0.591	0.25	0.604	0.24
Business/Employment	36	0.608	0.20	0.608
Retired/Elderly/Housework	59	0.492	0.32	0.542
Freelancers/Unemployed	25	0.565	0.27	0.467
Economic status (Average monthly income)
Poor (VND ≤900,000)	3	0.633	0.20	0.667	0.92
Near-poor (VND 900,000–1,300,000)	110	0.555	0.29	0.548
Fair (≥VND1,500,000)	84	0.566	0.25	0.599
Cancer
Colon (C18)	85	0.600	0.27	0.641	0.03
Rectum (C20)	112	0.532	0.27	0.543
Year of diagnosis
2019	154	0.551	0.28	0.593	0.77
2018	30	0.584	0.23	0.540
Before 2018	13	0.628	0.21	0.720
CRC Stage
I	17	0.806	0.12	0.821	0.0001
II	34	0.565	0.35	0.667
III	95	0.571	0.21	0.548
IV	49	0.458	0.30	0.485
Undifferentiated	2	0.480	0.09	0.480
Treatment status
Chemotherapy	103	0.578	0.25	0.604	0.53
Radiotherapy	31	0.479	0.34	0.485
Surgery	47	0.564	0.28	0.599
Other treatment’s regimes (Internal medicine/no direction of treatment	16	0.604	0.24	0.577

Notes: Bold: statistical significance. Household economic status defined as per the Vietnamese Government’s (No. 59/2015/QDD-TTg) categorization based on average monthly income: Poor (VND ≤900,000, $ US 45); Near-poor (900,000–1,300,000, $ US 45 to 65); Fair: ≥VND 1,500,000; $ US 75) (Source: http://vbpl.vn/bolaodong/Pages/vbpq-toanvan.aspx?ItemID=92948).

Abbreviations: NA, not available; IQR, interquartile range.

Figure 1 Distribution of the EQ-5D-5L utility score.

Figure 2 The proportion of levels of problem on each EQ-5D-5L dimension in the overall sample and by CRC stage (percent, %).

Table 2 Tobit Regression Model: Factors Associated with the EQ-5D-5L Utility Score

Variables	Frequency	Coefficient	se	p-value
Gender
Men	108	Reference
Women	89	0.025	0.03	0.46
Marital status
Single/widow	26	Reference
Married	171	−0.053	0.06	0.342
Age group
20–34	10	Reference
35–44	23	0.253	0.10	0.01
45–54	39	0.327	0.09	0.001
55–64	66	0.355	0.09	0.001
65+	59	0.204	0.09	0.029
Education
Primary school and less (grade 5 or less)	58	Reference
Secondary school (Grade 6–9)	71	0.077	0.04	0.066
High school (grade 10 or 12)	13	0.273	0.07	0.0001
College/vocational	39	0.134	0.05	0.008
University/higher	16	0.213	0.08	0.005
Jobs
Agriculture	77	Reference
Business/Employment	36	−0.019	0.06	0.738
Retired/Elderly/Housework	59	−0.061	0.04	0.134
Freelancers/Unemployed	25	−0.067	0.06	0.228
Economic status (Average monthly income)
Poor (VND ≤900,000)	3	Reference
Near-poor (VND 900,000–1,300,000)	110	−0.074	0.14	0.602
Fair (≥VND1,500,000)	84	−0.038	0.14	0.791
Cancer
Colon (C18)	85	Reference
Rectum (C20)	112	−0.047	0.04	0.184
Year of diagnosis
2019	154	Reference
2018	30	0.003	0.05	0.946
Before 2018	13	0.065	0.07	0.332
CRC Stage
I	17	Reference
II	34	−0.303	0.08	0.00001
III	95	−0.305	0.07	0.00001
IV	49	−0.456	0.07	0.00001
Undifferentiated	2	−0.369	0.17	0.0360
Treatment status
Chemotherapy	103	Reference
Radiotherapy	31	−0.054	0.05	0.285
Surgery	47	−0.113	0.05	0.019
Other treatment’s regimes (Internal medicine/no direction of treatment	16	0.039	0.07	0.548

Notes: Bold: statistical significance. Household economic status defined as per the Vietnamese Government’s (No. 59/2015/QDD-TTg) categorization based on average monthly income: Poor (VND ≤900,000, $ US 45); Near-poor (900,000–1,300,000, $ US 45 to 65); Fair: ≥VND 1,500,000; $ US 75) (Source: http://vbpl.vn/bolaodong/Pages/vbpq-toanvan.aspx?ItemID=92948).