Adherence to Self-Care Practices and Associated Factors Among Outpatient Adult Heart Failure Patients Attending a Cardiac Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2020

Figures & data

Table 1 The Sample Size Estimation Based on the Second Objective Among Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n=396)

S. No.	Factors	Power	Ratio	CI	Outcome in %		AOR	Sample Size	References
					Unexposed	Exposed
1	Duration of HF	80%	1:1	95	81.96	95.7	4.89	192	^Citation15
2	NYHA classification	80%	1:1	95	40.79	64	2.58	160	^Citation15
3	Knowledge	80%	1:1	95	62.8	80.8	2.49	216	^Citation11
4	Comorbidity	80%	1:1	95	71.5	86.6	2.572	254	^Citation11
5	Age	80%	1:1	95	69.4	84.1	2.34	282	^Citation11

Table 2 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n=396)

Characteristics		Frequency, n= 396	Percent
Gender	Male	192	48.50
	Women	204	51.50
Marital status	Single	129	32.60
	Married	197	49.70
	Divorced	46	11.60
	Widowed	24	6.10
Age in year	<30	102	25.80
	30–49	233	58.80
	50–69	56	14.10
	≥70	5	1.30
Monthly income (USD)	<25	19	4.79
	25–50	58	14.65
	50–75	70	17.68
	≥75	249	62.88
Educational status	Unable to read and write	19	4.80
	Primary School	64	16.20
	Secondary School	149	37.60
	Diploma	95	24.00
	Degree	59	14.9
	Masters and above	10	2.5
Occupation	Housewife	51	12.9
	Private employee	101	25.5
	Farmer	9	2.3
	Government Employee	84	21.2
	Daily Labor	45	11.4
	Merchant	59	14.9
	Student	34	8.6
	Others	13	3.3

Figure 1 Adherence status of heart failure patients to self-care practice at cardiac center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n=396). Good self-care adherence represents heart failure patients who scored ≥4 from six adherence to self-care related questions whereas poor self-care adherence represents heart failure patients who scored <4 from six adherence to self-care related questions.

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics of Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n=396)

Variables		Frequency, n=396	Percentage
Duration of HF since diagnosis	Less than one year ago	105	26.5
	One to three years ago	227	57.3
	Four years ago and above	64	16.2
NYHA functional classification	Class I	51	12.9
	Class II	168	42.2
	Class III	142	35.9
	Class IV	35	8.8
Hospitalization history	No	126	31.8
	Yes	270	68.2
Comorbidity	None	221	55.8
	With comorbidity	175	44.2
Types of medication	Beta-blockers	62	15.7
	Digitalis	80	20.2
	Diuretics	89	22.5
	ACEI/ARBs	83	21
	More than one medication	72	18.2
	Other	10	2.5

Table 4 Social and Psychological Factors Among Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n=396)

Living Status	Poor Adherence	Good Adherence	Total
Alone	61 (15.4%)	22 (5.6%)	89 (21%)
With someone	224 (56.5%)	89 (22.5%)	313 (79%)
Depression status
Depressed	54 (13.6%)	7 (1.8%)	61 (15.4%)
Not depressed	231 (58.3%)	104 (26.3%)	335 (84.6%)

Figure 2 Level of knowledge among heart failure patients at cardiac center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n=396). Adequate knowledge represents heart failure patients who correctly answered ≥75% of knowledge related questions whereas inadequate knowledge represents heart failure patients who answered <75% of knowledge related questions.

Table 5 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with the Overall Adherence to Self-Care Practice Among Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020 (n =396)

Variables		Adherence (n=396)		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
		Good, n=111	Poor, n=285
Marital status	Single	45	84	2.67 (0.86–8.3)	3.7 (0.45,31.4)	0.22
	Married	48	149	1.61 (0.52–4.9)	2.3 (0.28,19.3)	0.44
	Divorced	14	32	2.18 (0.63–7.8)	3.06 (0.34,27.3)	0.32
	Widowed	4	20	1
Education status	Not able to read and write	3	16	1
	Primary education	16	48	1.77 (0.458–6.9)	1 (0.4,2.55)	0.41
	Secondary education	42	107	2.09 (0.58–7.55)	3 (0.8, 4.5)	0.26
	Diploma	26	69	2.01 (0.54–7.47)	1.2 (0.3,3.02)	0.29
	Degree	19	40	2.53 (0.658–9.76)	0.2 (0.1,1.4)	0.18
	Masters and above	5	5	5.33 (0.93–30.64)	0.7 (0.3,1.7)	0.06
Monthly income (USD)	<25	5	14	1
	25–50	7	51	0.38 (0.11–1.398)	2 (0.1,2.7)	0.15
	50–75	17	53	0.898 (0.28–2.86)	1.6 (0.01,4.2)	0.89
	≥75	82	167	1.37 (0.48–3.95)	2.9 (0.2,1.25)	0.55
Type of medication	Beta-blockers	14	48	1
	Digitalis	28	52	1.85 (0.87–3.92)	1 (0.4,2.2)	0.09
	Diuretics	19	70	0.93 (0.43–2.03)	0.3 (0.2,3.3)	0.07
	ACEI/ARBS	27	56	1.65 (0.78–3.5)	3 (0.9,4.4)	0.054
	More than one type of medication	19	53	1.23 (0.56–2.717)	3.6 (0.03–2.03)	0.57
	Other drugs	4	6	2.28 (0.57–9.25)	1.4 (0.9,2.30)	0.62
Comorbidity	None	71 (32.1)	150 (67.9)	1.597 (1.02–2.51)	1.626 (1.07–2.624) *	0.047
	With comorbidity	40 (22.9)	135 (77.1)	1
Knowledge	Adequate	76 (42.2)	104 (57.8)	3.779 (2.36–6.03)	3.596 (2.23–5.799) **	<0.001
	Inadequate	35 (16.2)	181 (83.8)	1	1
Depression	Not Depressed	104 (31)	231 (69)	3.473 (1.53–7.89)	2.45 (1.048–5.726) *	0.039
	Depressed	7 (11.5)	54 (88.5)	1	1

Notes: *p-value<0.05; **p-value <0.01.

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