Adherence with COVID-19 Preventive Measures and Associated Factors Among Residents of Dirashe District, Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic presentation of the sampling procedure.

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants in Dirashe District, Southern Ethiopia (n=644)

Variables		Frequency	Percentage
Age	18–20	54	8.39
	21–24	67	10.40
	25–29	95	14.75
	30–34	94	14.60
	35–39	82	12.73
	40–44	56	8.70
	45–49	52	8.07
	50–54	62	9.63
	55–59	31	4.81
	≥ 60	51	7.92
Sex	Male	286	44.41
	Female	358	55.59
Marital status	Single	171	26.55
	Married	448	69.57
	Other^a	25	3.88
Residence	Urban	264	40.99
	Rural	380	59.01
Religion	Orthodox	370	57.45
	Protestant	246	38.20
	Muslim	20	3.11
	Other^b	8	1.24
Occupation	Student	76	11.80
	Government employee	146	22.67
	Private employee	121	18.79
	Daily laborer	33	5.12
	Farmer	150	23.29
	Housewife	90	13.98
	Other^c	28	4.35
Educational status	Unable to read and write	96	14.91
	Able to read and write	55	8.54
	Primary education (1–8)	157	24.38
	Secondary education (9–12)	156	24.22
	Technical vocational education	23	3.57
	College and above	157	24.38

Notes: ^aDivorced, widowed, separated; ^bHawariat, catholic; ^ccleaning, jobless.

Table 2 Knowledge About COVID-19 Among Participants in Dirashe District Southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644)

Items	Correct; N, (%)
The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough, and body aches.	563 (87.4)
Unlike the common cold, stuffy nose, runny nose, and sneezing are less common in persons infected with the COVID-19 virus.	452 (70.2)
Currently, there is no effective cure for COVID-19, but early symptomatic and supportive treatment can help most patients recover from the infection.	575 (89.3)
Not all persons with COVID-2019 develop into severe cases. Only those who are elderly and have chronic illnesses are more likely to be in severe cases.	529 (82.2)
Eating or touching wild animals would result in infection by the COVID-19 virus.	111 (17.2)
Persons with COVID-19 cannot infect the virus to others if they do not have a fever.	259 (40.2)
The COVID-19 virus spreads via respiratory droplets of infected individuals.	547 (84.9)
Ordinary residents can wear face masks to prevent infection by the COVID-19 virus.	562 (87.3)
Children and young adults do not need to take measures to prevent infection by the COVID-19 virus.	252 (39.1)
To prevent the infection by COVID-19, individuals should avoid going to crowded places and avoid taking public transportations.	600 (93.2)
Isolation and treatment of people who are infected with the COVID-19 virus are effective ways to reduce the spread of the virus.	603 (93.6)
People who have contact with someone infected with the COVID-19 virus should be immediately isolated in a proper place. In general, the isolation period is 14 days.	595 (92.4)
One way of prevention of COVID 19 is not touching the eye, nose with unwashed hands.	552 (85.7)
Frequent and proper handwashing with soap and water is one method of COVID-19 prevention.	603 (93.6)

Figure 2 Overall knowledge of the participants in Dirashe district, southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644).

Figure 3 Line graph reporting participants knowledge sum score about COVID-19 in Dirashe district, southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644).

Figure 4 Attitude of participants towards COVID-19 in Dirashe district, southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644).

Figure 5 Adherence with COVID-19 preventive measures among participants in Dirashe district, southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644).

Figure 6 COVID-19 preventive measures adherence sum of score among participants in Dirashe district southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644).

Table 3 The Bivariate and Multivariable Analyses Result of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Preventive Measures Adherence Among Residents of Dirashe District, Southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 644)

Variables	Adherence with COVID-19 Preventive Measures		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Yes	No
Age
18–20	11 (20.37)	43 (79.63)	1	1
21–24	6 (8.96)	61 (91.04)	0.38 (0.13, 1.12)	0.47 (0.13,1.71)
25–29	14 (14.74)	81 (85.26)	0.68 (0.28, 1.62)	0.88 (0.27, 2.90)
30–34	6 (6.38)	88 (93.62)	0.27 (0.09, 0.77)	0.37 (0.09, 1.52)
35–39	12 (14.63)	70 (85.37)	0.67 (0.27, 1.65)	0.81 (0.22, 3.03)
40–44	5 (8.93)	51 (91.07)	0.38 (0.12, 1.19)	1.02 (0.21,4.88)
45–49	9 (17.13)	43 (82.69)	0.82 (0.31, 2.17)	1.03 (0.24, 4.37)
50–54	6 (9.68)	56 (90.32)	0.42 (0.14, 1.22)	0.76 (0.17, 3.48)
55–59	5 (16.13)	26 (83.87)	0.75 (0.23, 2.41)	1.24 (0.26, 5.91)
≥ 60	5 (9.8)	46 (90.20)	0.42 (0.14, 1.32)	0.62 (0.13, 3.05)
Sex
Male	30 (1049)	256 (89.31)	1	1
Female	49 (13.69)	309 (86.31)	1.35 (0.83, 2.19)	1.18 (0.63, 2.20)
Marital status
Single	26 (15.20)	145 (84.80)	1.42 (0.86, 2.36)	1.94 (0.88,4.28)
Married	53 (11.21)	420 (88.79)	1	1
Residence			1
Urban	66 (25.0)	198 (75.0)	9.41 (5.07, 17.48)	9.74 (4.72, 20.1)*
Rural	13 (3.42)	367 (96.58)	1	1
Educational status
Unable to read and write	10 (10.42)	86 (89.58)	1	1
Able to read and write	8 (14.55)	47 (85.45)	1.46 (0.54, 3.96)	1.16 (0.36, 3.69)
Primary education	19 (12.10)	138 (87.90)	1.18 (0.53, 2.67)	0.86 (0.33, 2.24)
Secondary education	16 (10.26)	140 (89.74)	0.98 (0.43, 2.26)	0.66 (0.24, 1.85)
Technical & vocational education (TVET)	6 (26.09)	17 (73.91)	3.04 (0.97, 9.47)	1.89 (0.40, 8.95)
College and above	20 (12.74)	137 (87.26)	1.26 (0.56, 2.81)	1.02 (0.30, 3.49)
Occupation
Farmer	7 (4.67)	143 (95.33)	1	1
Student	10 (13.16)	66 (86.84)	3.10 (1.13, 8.49)	1.12 (0.25, 5.00)
Government employee	22 (15.07)	124 (84.93)	3.62 (1.50, 8.77)	1.11 (0.30, 4.16)
Private employee	16 (13.22)	105 (86.78)	3.11 (1.24, 7.84)	1.17 (0.38, 3.63)
Daily laborer	4 (12.12)	29 (87.88)	2.82 (0.77, 10.25)	2.73 (0.62, 12.1)
Housewife	15 (16.67)	75 (83.33)	4.09 (1.6, 10.46)	1.32 (0.41, 4.25)
Other^a	5 (17.86)	23 (82.14)	4.44 (1.3, 15.2)	1.07 (0.25, 4.64)
Knowledge about COVID-19
Poor	4 (5.71)	66 (94.29)	1	1
Moderate	20 (12.12)	145 (87.88)	2.28 (0.75, 6.92)	1.04 (0.29, 3.75)
Good	55 (13.45)	354 (86.55)	2.56 (0.90, 7.31)	1.45 (0.20, 2.48)
Attitude
Unfavorable	22 (7.51)	271 (92.49)	1	1
Favorable	57 (16.24)	294 (83.76)	2.39 (1.42, 4.01)	1.97 (1.05, 3.68)*
Fear of stigma due to COVID-19
Yes	71 (14.49)	419 (85.51)	3.09 (1.45, 6.58)	2.43 (1.02, 5.79)*
No	8 (5.19)	146 (94.81)	1	1
Thinking the disease is dangerous
Yes	74 (13.75)	464 (86.25)	3.22 (1.27, 8.17)	1.02 (0.29, 2.71)
No	5 (4.72)	101 (95.28)	1	1
Concerned about the possibility to be infected with COVID-19
Yes	68 (14.62)	397 (85.38)	2.62 (1.35, 5.07)	1.92 (0.91, 4.04)
No	11 (6.15)	3.85)	1	1

Notes: *Significant at p-value < 0.05; ^acleaning, jobless.