Dietary Adherence, Self-Regulatory Fatigue and Trait Self-Control Among Chinese Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 The Association Between Dietary Adherence and the Socio-Demographics as Well as Patient-Related Factors (N= 192)

Variables	N (%)	Dietary Adherence Score Mean	Std. Deviation	F-value	P-value
Age				8.499	<0.001
18~30	18 (9.4)	72.94	3.44
31~45	66 (34.4)	72.68	3.08
46~59	97 (50.5)	70.88	3.12
>60	11 (5.7)	68.73	3.13
Education level				51.844	<0.001
Primary school or lower	27 (14.1)	66.81	2.00
Middle school	77 (40.1)	71.16	2.58
High school	68 (35.4)	73.03	2.53
Junior college or higher	20 (10.4)	74.60	2.44
Household income				18.957	<0.001
<1000	6 (3.1)	67.33	2.34
1000~	91 (47.4)	70.33	2.91
3000~	80 (41.7)	72.74	3.17
≥5000	15 (7.8)	74.53	1.55
Marital status				−2.303	0.022
Single or other	24 (12.5)	70.13	4.13
Married	168 (87.5)	71.77	3.15
Employment status				3.255	0.001
Employed	78 (40.6)	72.49	3.03
Unemployed	114 (59.4)	70.94	3.37
Residence				8.844	<0.001
Urban area	91 (47.4)	73.45	2.77
Rural area	101 (52.6)	69.97	2.83
Duration of peritoneal dialysis				2.024	0.112
< 6 months	16 (8.3)	72.56	2.87
6~12 months	63 (32.8)	72.14	3.32
12~24 months	69 (35.9)	71.28	3.19
Nutritional status				0.337	0.714
Good	42 (21.9)	71.81	3.56
Mild to moderate malnutrition	144 (75.0)	71.53	3.27
Severe malnutrition	6 (3.1)	70.67	3.20
Frequency of nutrition referral				1.317	0.270
Every month	18 (9.4)	70.28	2.70
Every 1 to 3 months	159 (82.8)	71.77	3.43
Every 3 to 6 months	11 (5.7)	70.82	2.68
More than 6 months	4 (2.1)	71.25	1.26
Serum albumin level	33.33	4.23			0.945

Table 2 The Measure of Dietary Adherences, Self-Regulatory Fatigue and Trait Self-Control

Variable	Scores	Item Average Scores
Summary of dietary adherence	71.57±3.32
Fluid restriction adherence	32.63 ±2.06	2.97±0.30
Adherence to potassium intake	15.61±1.47	3.12±0.41
Self-care adherence	6.49±0.89	3.25±0.45
Restrain in face of conflict	14.34±1.32	2.86±0.26
Adherence to salt intake	3.77±0.71	1.89±0.36
Summary of self-regulatory fatigue	41.56±4.30
Cognitive control	13.21±2.52	2.20±0.42
Behavioral control	13.54±2.30	2.70±0.46
Emotional control	15.47±1.81	3.09±0.36
Summary of trait self-control	72.81±6.07
Concentration on work	17.80±1.39	2.54±0.20
Observing healthy habits	12.72±1.19	3.18±0.30
Behavioral rationality	12.29±1.44	3.07±0.36
Overcoming impulses	17.85±1.85	2.98±0.31
Resisting temptation	12.43±1.50	3.11±0.38

Table 3 Pearson Correlation Coefficients Between Dietary Adherence and Self-Regulatory Fatigue

Variables	Self-Regulatory Fatigue	Cognitive Control	Behavioral Control	Emotional Control
Dietary adherence	−0.632**	−0.287**	−0.454**	−0.311**
Fluid restriction adherence	−0.269**	−0.136	−0.212**	−0.145**
Adherence to potassium intake	−0.183**	0.039	0.199**	0.240**
Self-care adherence	−0.038	0.124	−0.083	−0.069
Restrain in the face of conflict	−0.034	−0.028	−0.080	0.016
Adherence to salt intake	0.024	−0.042	0.048	0.053

Notes: **Indicates P<0.01. Two-tailed significance.

Table 4 Pearson Correlation Coefficients Between Dietary Adherence and Trait Self-Control

Variables	Trait Self-Control	Concentration to Work	Observing Healthy Habits	Rational Behavior	Resisting Impulses	Resisting Temptation
Dietary adherence	0.354**	0.119	0.101	0.219**	0.311**	0.447**
Fluid restriction adherence	0.003	0.001	0.069	−0.013	−0.018	0.024
Adherence to potassium intake	0.240**	0.039	0.199**	0.240**	0.055	0.273**
Self-care adherence	0.038	−0.027	−0.025	−0.106	0.093	0.080
Refrain in the face of conflict	0.030	0.017	−0.076	−0.033	0.092	0.179*
Adherence to salt intake	−0.047	0.102	−0.126	0.087	−0.023	0.091

Notes: *Significant at P<0.05, **significant at P<0.01, two-tailed test.

Table 5 Factors Associated with Dietary Adherence Behavior

Independent Variables	Unstandardized Coefficient		Standardized Coefficient	t	P-value	95% Confidence Interval for B
	B	SE	β
Constant	77.043	3.064		25.15	<0.001	71.00, 83.08
Educational level	1.311	0.247	0.339	5.31	<0.001	0.82, 1.80
Residence	−1.004	0.408	−0.151	−2.46	0.015	−1.81, −0.20
Self-regulatory fatigue	−0.284	0.044	−0.648	−6.48	<0.001	−0.37, −0.20
Trait self-control	0.064	0.028	0.118	2.31	0.022	0.01, 0.12
F	62.84
R^2	0.56%

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, standard error; β, standardized coefficient.