Adherence and Its Associated Factors Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Western Ethiopia, 2020

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Patients Who Were on ART at GTSGH and MTUTH, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020

Characteristics		Frequency	Percentage
Age category	18–28	73	22.2
	29–39	144	43.8
	40–49	86	26.1
	≥50	26	7.9
Gender	Male	158	48.0
	Female	171	52.0
Marital status	Single	61	18.5
	Married	220	66.9
	Divorced	45	13.7
	Widowed	3	0.9
Living with family	Yes	301	91.5
	No	28	8.5
Residence	Urban	254	77.2
	Rural	75	22.8
Educational status	Cannot read and write	57	17.3
	Able to read and write	35	10.6
	Primary school	155	47.1
	Secondary school	57	17.3
	Higher education	25	7.6
Ethnicity	Kaffa	193	58.7
	Amhara	57	17.3
	Oromo	11	3.3
	Bench	34	10.3
	Sheko	12	3.6
	Others*	22	6.7
Religion	Orthodox	186	56.5
	Muslim	52	15.8
	Protestant	85	25.8
	Catholic	6	1.8
Monthly income in ETB	<1000	125	38.0
	1000–3000	122	37
	>3000	82	25
Occupational status	Housewife	92	28.0
	Farmer	72	21.9
	Government employee	75	22.8
	Merchant	37	11.2
	Student	17	5.2
	Sex worker	8	2.4
	Daily laborer	28	8.5

Note: Ethnicity others*: Tigre, Majang, Menit, Gurage.

Table 2 Clinical and Behavioral Characteristics of Patients Who Were on ART at GTSGH and MTUTH, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020

Characteristics	Category	Frequency	Percentage
Comorbidity	Yes	99	30.1
	No	230	69.9
Duration of illness	<12 months	26	7.9
	12–24 months	63	19.1
	≥25 months	240	72.9
Family history of HIV	Yes	124	37.7
	No	205	62.3
Current WHO clinical stage	I	296	90.0
	II	24	7.3
	III	9	2.7
Initial CD4 category	<200 cells/mm^Citation3	147	44.7
	200–499 cells/mm^3	142	43.2
	≥500 cells/mm^3	40	12.2
Current CD4 category	<200 cells/mm^3	53	16.1
	200–499 cells/mm^3	151	45.9
	≥500 cells/mm^3	125	38.0
Ever had side effects of ART	Yes	277	84.2
	No	52	15.8
Current side effects of ART	Yes	13	4.0
	No	316	96.0
Current ART regimen	TDF, 3TC, EFV	291	88.4
	TDF, 3TC, NVP	8	2.4
	AZT, 3TC, NVP	17	5.2
	AZT, 3TC, EFV	13	3.9
Who reminds to take ART	Self	216	65.7
	Alarm	78	23.7
	Family members	19	5.8
	Radio/television	16	4.9
Treatment other than ART	Yes	31	9.4
	No	298	90.6
Treatment other than ART	Traditional drug	12	38.7
	Religious practice, eg, Tsebel	19	61.3
Disclosure to family/others	Yes	285	86.6
	No	44	13.4
Current smoking	Yes	14	4.3
	No	315	95.7
Current alcohol drinking	Yes	41	12.5
	No	288	87.5
Ever had multiple sexual partners	Yes	28	8.5
	No	301	91.5

Abbreviations: TDF, tenofovir; 3TC, lamivudine; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; AZT, zidovudine.

Figure 1 Comorbid types among patients who were on ART at GTSGH and MTUTH, southwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Figure 2 Adherence levels of patients to ART at GTSGH and MTUTH, southwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Table 3 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Factors Associated with Adherence to ART Among Patients in GTSGH and MTUTH, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Category	Adherence Status to ART Care		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
		Non-Adherent (%)	Adherent (%)
Age category	18–27	4 (7%)	69 (25.2%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	28–38	19 (34.5%)	125 (45.6%)	0.381 (0.125, 1.166)	0.836 (0.108, 6.501)
	39–49	31 (56.4%)	55 (20.1%)	0.103 (0.034, 0.309)*	0.068 (0.008, 0.578)**
	≥50	1 (1.8%)	25 (9.1%)	1.449 (0.155, 13.594)	8.107 (0.190, 346.524)
Sex	Male	35 (63.6%)	123 (44.9%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	Female	20 (36.4%)	151 (55.1%)	2.148 (1.181, 3.910)*	2.543 (0.885, 7.306)
Residence	Urban	24 (43.6%)	230 (83.9%)	6.752 (3.622, 12.588)*	5.186 (1.732, 15.529)**
	Rural	31 (56.4%)	44 (16.1%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Educational status	Unable to read and write	21 (38.2%)	36 (13.1%)	0.234 (0.062, 0.876)*	0.097 (0.012, 0.771)**
	Able to write and read without formal education	13 (23.6%)	22 (8%)	0.231 (0.058, 0.924)*	0.056 (0.006, 0.532)**
	Primary education	11 (20%)	144 (52.6%)	1.785 (0.461, 6.908)	0.902 (0.126, 6.451)
	Secondary education	7 (12.7%)	50 (18.2%)	0.974 (0.230, 4.121)	0.216 (0.019, 2.461)
	Higher education	3 (5.5%)	22 (8.1%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Smoking	Yes	4 (7.3%)	10 (3.6%)	0.483 (0.146, 1.600)*	0.811 (0.081, 8.097)
	No	51 (92.7%)	264 (96.4%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Duration of illness	<12 months	2 (3.6%)	24 (8.7%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	12–24 months	12 (21.8%)	51 (18.7%)	0.354 (0.073, 1.709)*	0.240 (0.007, 8.069)
	≥25 months	41 (74.6%)	199 (72.6%)	0.404 (0.092, 1.779)*	0.198 (0.007, 5.359)
Comorbidity	Yes	43 (78.2%)	56 (20.4%)	0.072 (0.035, 0.145)*	0.042 (0.013, 0.139)**
	No	12 (21.8%)	218 (79.6%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Disclosure of HIV	Yes	39 (70.9%)	246 (89.8%)	3.604 (1.788, 7.266)*	3.583 (1.008, 12.739)**
	No	16 (29.1%)	28 (10.2%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
WHO clinical stage	Stage I	36 (65.5%)	260 (94.9%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	Stage II	13 (23.6%)	11 (4%)	0.117 (0.049, 0.281)*	0.098 (0.021, 0.453)**
	Stage III	6 (10.8%)	3 (1.1%)	0.069 (0.017, 0.289)*	0.004 (0.001, 0.075)**
Current CD4 category	<200 cells/mm^Citation3	13 (23.6%)	40 (14.6%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	200–499 cells/mm^3	29 (52.7%)	122 (44.5%)	1.367 (0.649, 2.881)	0.853 (0.237, 3.066)
	≥500 cells/mm^3	13 (23.6%)	112 (40.9%)	2.800 (1.198, 6.546)*	5.634 (1.203, 26.383)**
Treatment other than ART	Yes	13 (23.6%)	18 (6.6%)	0.227 (0.104, 0.498)*	1.161 (0.277, 4.861)
	No	42 (76.4%)	256 (93.4%)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)

Notes: *Significantly associated at p<0.25; **significantly associated at p<0.05.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CD4, cluster of differentiation 4; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

HAPCO. HIV prevention in Ethiopia National Road map; 2018. https://ethiopia.unfpa.org/en/hiv-prevention-ethiopia-national-road-map. Available from:Accessed 25 September 2018.

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