Cross-Cultural Validation of the 5-Item Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology to the Arabic Language in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Step-by-step process for survey translation.

Table 1 Arabic CQR-5 Survey Reliability Test Results

Test	Coefficient (95% CI)	p value
Cronbach’s alpha reliability test	0.886	None
Interclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability	0.818 (0.701–0.890)	<0.001
Kaise-Mayer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for factor analysis	0.870	<0.001

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 Factor analysis of survey components: Arabic CQR5.

Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population (n=88) Arabic CQR5

Characteristics of 88 Participants		N (%)
Care giver or patient	Patient	78 (92.9)
Gender	Female	80 (90.9)
Age, years mean (SD)	50 (13)
Nationality	Saudi	84 (95.5)
Living	In Riyadh	60 (68.2)
Marital	Divorced	6 (6.8)
	Single	8 (9.1)
	Widowed	10 (11.4)
	Married	64 (72.7)
Occupation	Unemployed	60 (68.2)
Smoking Status	Previous smoker	2 (2.3)
	Smoker	1 (1.1)
	Never smoked	85 (96.6)
Presence of Other comorbidities	Yes	63 (71.6)
Heath assessment questionnaire and disability index, HAQ-DI	0.0–1.0 Mild	52 (59.1)
	1.1–2.0 Moderate	28 (31.8)
	2.1–3.0 severe	8 (9.1)
HAQ-DI, mean (SD)	0.946 (0.745)
Pain-0-10, mean (SD)	5 (3)
CQR total score, mean (SD)	17.78 (2.70)
CQR score	Low adherence	14 (15.9)
	High adherence	74 (84.1)
Corticosteroid use	Yes	17 (19.3%)
bDMARDs	Yes	25 (28.4)
csDMARDs	Yes	46 (52.3)

Abbreviations: CQR, Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology; HAQ-DI, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index; bDMARDs, Biologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs, csDMARDs; Conventional Synthetic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug.

Figure 3 Radar chart showing by low and high adherence according to CQR score: Arabic CQR5.

Table 3 Binary Logistic Regression of Factors Affecting Adherence According to Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology Low or High Outcome with High Adherence as the Reference Group

	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Intervals	P value
Gender, females	0.529	0.095–2.939	0.467
Age, Years	1.082	1.025–1.142	0.005*
Living, Riyadh	1.232	0.371–4.086	0.733
Occupation, employed	2.524	0.789–8.076	0.119
Married, Yes	0.688	0.174–2.717	0.594
Education, Low	0.142	0.018–1.147	0.067
Other comorbidities, Yes	3.111	0.961–10.070	0.058
Corticosteroid, Yes	2.106	0.540–8.219	0.284
Convectional synthetic DMARDs, Yes	0.792	0.250–2.506	0.691
Biologic DMARDs, Yes	2.706	0.560–13.082	0.216

Note: *Statistically significant.

Abbreviation: DMARDs, Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs.