The Cross-Cultural Adaptation and the Reliability Test for the Chinese-Version Dietary Behavior and Psychological Series Scales in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants (n=420)

Characteristics	n (%)
Age (years), mean±SD	50.26±14.259
Gender
Male	256 (60.8)
Female	164 (39.2)
Marital status
Unmarried	41 (9.8)
Married	347 (82.6)
Married, widowed or divorced	32 (7.6)
Educational level
Primary school or less	63 (15.0)
Middle school	102 (24.3)
High school technical secondary school	106 (25.2)
College degree or above	149 (35.5)
Employment status
Employed	109 (26.0)
Unemployed or Retired	311 (74.0)
Income per month (RMB)
<1000	28 (6.7)
1000~3000	136 (32.4)
3000~5000	155 (36.9)
>5000	101 (24.0)
Residence
Rural area	58 (13.8)
Villages and towns area	41 (9.8)
Urban area	321 (76.4)
Medical insurance
Urban employee medical insurance	103 (24.5)
Urban and rural residents’ medical insurance	177 (42.1)
Rural residents’Medical insurance	134 (31.9)
Other or no insurance	6 (1.4)
Dialysis duration
≤1 year	72 (17.1)
1~5 year	221 (52.6)
>5 year	127 (30.2)
Types of complications
0	67 (16.0)
1	216 (51.4)
2	99 (23.6)
≥3	38 (9.0)
Primary caregiver
Spouse	257 (61.2)
Child	38 (9.0)
Parents	53 (12.6)
Others	72 (17.1)

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Item Score and Correlation Coefficient with the Domain

Item	Correlation Coefficient with the Domain (R)	Score (Mean±SD)
DG-DI 1	0.861**	4.75±0.976
DG-DI 2	0.847**	4.81±1.047
DG-DI 3	0.901**	4.53±1.015
DG-DI 4	0.918**	5.18±0.804
DG-DI 5	0.919**	4.81±1.021
DG-DI 6	0.919**	4.73±0.865
MDSC 1	0.797**	5.36±1.057
MDSC 2	0.728**	5.25±1.118
MDSC 3	0.801**	5.05±1.055
MDSC 4	0.834**	5.10±1.089
MDSC 5	0.759**	4.50±1.305
MDSC 6	0.580**	3.39±1.697
MDSC 7	0.781**	5.54±1.074
MDSC 8	0.608**	4.45±1.421
MDSC 9	0.569**	5.75±1.166
MDSC 10	0.648**	6.30±1.174
MDSC 11	0.629**	5.82±1.314
SWDB 1	0.821**	4.64±1.130
SWDB 2	0.794**	4.91±1.110
SWDB 3	0.841**	4.95±0.994
SWDB 4	0.853**	4.67±1.180
SWDB 5	0.858**	4.82±0.998
SWDB 6	0.908**	5.11±1.025
SWDB 7	0.919**	5.15±0.943
SWDB 8	0.908**	5.17±0.940

Note: **Indicates P<0.01.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Independent Sample t Test for the High Scoring and Low Scoring Group

Item	CR (tvalue)	df	P	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
						Lower	Upper
DG-DI 1	20.179	226	<0.001	2.447	0.121	2.208	2.686
DG-DI 2	18.393	226	<0.001	2.456	0.134	2.193	2.719
DG-DI 3	24.452	226	<0.001	2.693	0.110	2.476	2.910
DG-DI 4	29.833	226	<0.001	3.000	0.101	2.802	3.198
DG-DI 5	26.123	226	<0.001	2.930	0.112	2.709	3.151
DG-DI 6	26.695	226	<0.001	2.649	0.099	2.454	2.845
MDSC 1	16.470	226	<0.001	2.298	0.140	2.023	2.573
MDSC 2	15.454	226	<0.001	2.254	0.146	1.967	2.542
MDSC 3	16.931	226	<0.001	2.281	0.135	2.015	2.546
MDSC 4	17.852	226	<0.001	2.421	0.136	2.154	2.688
MDSC 5	14.852	226	<0.001	2.263	0.152	1.963	2.563
MDSC 6	7.986	226	<0.001	1.439	0.180	1.084	1.794
MDSC 7	15.912	226	<0.001	2.377	0.149	2.083	2.672
MDSC 8	9.127	226	<0.001	1.649	0.181	1.293	2.005
MDSC 9	9.305	226	<0.001	1.561	0.168	1.231	1.892
MDSC10	10.328	226	<0.001	1.807	0.175	1.462	2.152
MDSC 11	10.641	226	<0.001	1.904	0.179	1.551	2.256
SWDB 1	14.977	226	<0.001	2.061	0.138	1.790	2.333
SWDB 2	11.830	226	<0.001	1.640	0.139	1.367	1.914
SWDB 3	13.518	226	<0.001	1.781	0.132	1.521	2.040
SWDB 4	17.456	226	<0.001	2.439	0.140	2.163	2.714
SWDB 5	13.681	226	<0.001	1.737	0.127	1.487	1.987
SWDB 6	18.392	226	<0.001	2.272	0.124	2.029	2.515
SWDB 7	20.388	226	<0.001	2.272	0.112	2.052	2.492
SWDB 8	20.472	226	<0.001	2.474	0.121	2.236	2.712

Abbreviations: CR, critical ratio; df, degree of freedom; Std, standard.

Table 4 Factor Structure of DG-DI, MDSC and SWDB

Item	Derived Factors
	Factor-1	Factor-2	Factor-3	Factor-4	Factor-5
I often feel proud of my food choices.	0.637
I wish my eating patterns were healthier.	0.659
I am satisfied with the amount of food that I eat.	0.710
There is no need to change anything about my current dietary behavior.	0.720
I believe my current diet is nutritious.	0.780
I am satisfied with the types of food that I eat.	0.838
My diet makes me feel good.	0.825
I am satisfied with my current eating behavior.	0.791
When I think about some foods I get a strong urge to eat them, even if I am not hungry.		0.734
I cannot trust my food cravings to guide me to healthy food choices.		0.692
I find it tiring to struggle against my cravings.		0.747
I feel tempted by unhealthy food.		0.793
I often experience internal conflict when I am thinking about what to eat.		0.804
I love certain foods so much that it is hard to resist eating them even when they are not in-line with my goals.		0.734
I try to avoid eating some foods because I want to be healthier.			0.803
I try to eat more healthy foods because I feel good when I eat that way.			0.780
I have strong motivation to control what I eat.			0.705
I enjoy being in control of my eating patterns.			0.712
I try to control what I eat so that other people will think well of me.				0.784
I want to control my eating because the images I see in the media make me feel unattractive.				0.646
I try to watch what I eat because of doctor recommendations.				0.667
I try to resist some foods because of pressure from people around me.				0.795
Improving my diet is a low priority in my life right now.					0.770
I do not see any reasons to control my eating.					0.802
I do not try to resist tempting food.					0.754
Eigenvalue	5.031	3.798	2.825	2.549	2.173
Cumulative variance	20.126	35.318	46.618	56.814	65.507

Table 5 Goodness-of-Fit Indices for the DG-DI, MDSC and SWDB Factor Models

Index	Value	Reference Standard
x^2/df	2.092	1~3
Goodness of fit index (GFI)	0.822	Close to 1
Normed-fit index (NFI)	0.846	Close to 1
Comparative fit index (CFI)	0.912	Close to 1
TLI	0.901	Close to 1
RMSEA estimate	0.072	<0.08